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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in a variety of important applications, yet their safety and reliability remain as major concerns. Various adversarial and jailbreak attacks have been proposed to bypass the safety…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Leon Zhou , Junfeng Yang , Chengzhi Mao

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate outstanding performance in their reservoir of knowledge and understanding capabilities, but they have also been shown to be prone to illegal or unethical reactions when subjected to jailbreak…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Fengxiang Wang , Ranjie Duan , Peng Xiao , Xiaojun Jia , Shiji Zhao , Cheng Wei , YueFeng Chen , Chongwen Wang , Jialing Tao , Hang Su , Jun Zhu , Hui Xue

Large Language Model-based Multi-Agent Systems (LLM-MAS) have revolutionized complex problem-solving capability by enabling sophisticated agent collaboration through message-based communications. While the communication framework is crucial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Pengfei He , Yupin Lin , Shen Dong , Han Xu , Yue Xing , Hui Liu

Modern language models have enabled the development of agentic systems that achieve strong performance on reasoning-intensive tasks. Unfortunately, this has come with a security cost; these systems are vulnerable to prompt injection, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Dennis Jacob , Emad Alghamdi , Zhanhao Hu , Basel Alomair , David Wagner

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into a wide range of applications has highlighted the critical role of well-crafted system prompts, which require extensive testing and domain expertise. These prompts enhance task performance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Zhixiong Zhuang , Maria-Irina Nicolae , Hui-Po Wang , Mario Fritz

Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly evolving from single-modal systems to multimodal LLMs and intelligent agents, significantly expanding their capabilities while introducing increasingly severe security risks. This paper presents a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Yanxu Mao , Tiehan Cui , Peipei Liu , Datao You , Hongsong Zhu

Driven by the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), LLM-based agents have been developed to handle various real-world applications, including finance, healthcare, and shopping, etc. It is crucial to ensure the reliability and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Wenkai Yang , Xiaohan Bi , Yankai Lin , Sishuo Chen , Jie Zhou , Xu Sun

Iterative jailbreak methods that repeatedly rewrite and input prompts into large language models (LLMs) to induce harmful outputs -- using the model's previous responses to guide each new iteration -- have been found to be a highly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Masahiro Kaneko , Zeerak Talat , Timothy Baldwin

Large language model (LLM)-powered multi-agent systems (MAS) enable agents to communicate and share information, achieving strong performance on complex tasks. However, this communication also creates an attack surface where malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Lingxi Zhang , Guangtao Zheng , Hanjie Chen

In this paper, we explore the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) to reason about threats, generate information about tools, and automate cyber campaigns. We begin with a manual exploration of LLMs in supporting specific…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Stephen Moskal , Sam Laney , Erik Hemberg , Una-May O'Reilly

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely deployed as the backbone with additional tools and text information for real-world applications. However, integrating external information into LLM-integrated applications raises significant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Jiongxiao Wang , Fangzhou Wu , Wendi Li , Jinsheng Pan , Edward Suh , Z. Morley Mao , Muhao Chen , Chaowei Xiao

LLM agents process trusted instructions, retrieved records, and tool observations through a common generative channel. This conflates data flow with authority: an untrusted string can affect a secret-bearing response or an action proposal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Faruk Alpay , Taylan Alpay

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly integrated into critical systems, leveraging external tools to interact with the real world. However, this capability exposes them to Indirect Prompt Injection (IPI), where attackers embed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Guangyu Gong , Zizhuang Deng

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into web browsers to create agentic browsing systems that execute actions on behalf of the user. Prior work considering the security of agentic browsers focuses exclusively on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Sohom Datta , Alex Nahapetyan , William Enck , Alexandros Kapravelos

Indirect prompt injection threatens LLM agents by embedding malicious instructions in external content, enabling unauthorized actions and data theft. LLM agents maintain working memory through their context window, which stores interaction…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ruoyao Wen , Hao Li , Chaowei Xiao , Ning Zhang

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) provide a powerful foundation for natural language tasks in large-scale customer-facing applications. However, studies that explore their vulnerabilities emerging from malicious user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Fábio Perez , Ian Ribeiro

While automated vulnerability detection techniques have made promising progress in detecting security vulnerabilities, their scalability and applicability remain challenging. The remarkable performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Avishree Khare , Saikat Dutta , Ziyang Li , Alaia Solko-Breslin , Rajeev Alur , Mayur Naik

The recent growth in the use of Large Language Models has made them vulnerable to sophisticated adversarial assaults, manipulative prompts, and encoded malicious inputs. Existing countermeasures frequently necessitate retraining models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Sheikh Samit Muhaimin , Spyridon Mastorakis

Large language models (LLMs) are designed to align with human values in their responses. This study exploits LLMs with an iterative prompting technique where each prompt is systematically modified and refined across multiple iterations to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Shih-Wen Ke , Guan-Yu Lai , Guo-Lin Fang , Hsi-Yuan Kao

Prompt injection threatens novel applications that emerge from adapting LLMs for various user tasks. The newly developed LLM-based software applications become more ubiquitous and diverse. However, the threat of prompt injection attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Valerii Gakh , Hayretdin Bahsi
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