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Vision-Language Models (VLMs) combine visual and textual understanding, rendering them well-suited for diverse tasks like generating image captions and answering visual questions across various domains. However, these capabilities are built…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Simone Caldarella , Massimiliano Mancini , Elisa Ricci , Rahaf Aljundi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are advancing at a remarkable pace, with myriad applications under development. Unlike most earlier machine learning models, they are no longer built for one specific application but are designed to excel in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Valentin Hartmann , Anshuman Suri , Vincent Bindschaedler , David Evans , Shruti Tople , Robert West

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in interactive and retrieval-augmented settings, raising significant privacy concerns. While attacks such as Membership Inference (MIA), Attribute Inference (AIA), Data Extraction…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Karima Makhlouf , Lamiaa Basyoni , Syed Khaderi , Gabriel Marquez , Peter Sotomango , Mahmoud Awawdah , Sami Zhioua

When users submit queries to Large Language Models (LLMs), their prompts can often contain sensitive data, forcing a difficult choice: Send the query to a powerful proprietary LLM providers to achieving state-of-the-art performance and risk…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zheng Hui , Yijiang River Dong , Sanhanat Sivapiromrat , Ehsan Shareghi , Nigel Collier

The rapid advancements of large language models (LLMs) have raised public concerns about the privacy leakage of personally identifiable information (PII) within their extensive training datasets. Recent studies have demonstrated that an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Xiaoyi Chen , Siyuan Tang , Rui Zhu , Shijun Yan , Lei Jin , Zihao Wang , Liya Su , Zhikun Zhang , XiaoFeng Wang , Haixu Tang

Recently, the powerful large language models (LLMs) have been instrumental in propelling the progress of recommender systems (RS). However, while these systems have flourished, their susceptibility to security threats has been largely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Jinghao Zhang , Yuting Liu , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Guibing Guo , Liang Wang

The emerging success of large language models (LLMs) heavily relies on collecting abundant training data from external (untrusted) sources. Despite substantial efforts devoted to data cleaning and curation, well-constructed LLMs have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Tianlin Li , Qian Liu , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Qing Guo , Yang Liu , Min Lin

Pretrained Language Models (LMs) memorize a vast amount of knowledge during initial pretraining, including information that may violate the privacy of personal lives and identities. Previous work addressing privacy issues for language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Joel Jang , Dongkeun Yoon , Sohee Yang , Sungmin Cha , Moontae Lee , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Minjoon Seo

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with local data is a widely adopted approach for organizations seeking to adapt LLMs to their specific domains. Given the shared characteristics in data across different organizations, the idea of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Wenkai Guo , Xuefeng Liu , Haolin Wang , Jianwei Niu , Shaojie Tang , Jing Yuan

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in large language models (LLMs), have unlocked significant potential to enhance the quality and efficiency of medical care. By introducing a novel way to interact with AI and…

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across natural language processing tasks, yet their widespread deployment raises pressing concerns around privacy, copyright, security, and bias. Machine unlearning has emerged…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Tyler Lizzo , Larry Heck

The continued promise of Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly in their natural language understanding and generation capabilities, has driven a rapidly increasing interest in identifying and developing LLM use cases. In an effort to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Andreea-Elena Bodea , Stephen Meisenbacher , Alexandra Klymenko , Florian Matthes

The last two years have seen a rapid growth in concerns around the safety of large language models (LLMs). Researchers and practitioners have met these concerns by creating an abundance of datasets for evaluating and improving LLM safety.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Paul Röttger , Fabio Pernisi , Bertie Vidgen , Dirk Hovy

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used for automated evaluations and explaining them. However, concerns about explanation quality, consistency, and hallucinations remain open research challenges, particularly in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Vincent Freiberger , Arthur Fleig , Erik Buchmann

This paper explores the frontiers of large language models (LLMs) in psychology applications. Psychology has undergone several theoretical changes, and the current use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning, particularly LLMs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Luoma Ke , Song Tong , Peng Cheng , Kaiping Peng

The rapid integration of Generative AI (GenAI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) in sectors such as education and healthcare have marked a significant advancement in technology. However, this growth has also led to a largely unexplored…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Tri Nguyen , Huong Nguyen , Ahmad Ijaz , Saeid Sheikhi , Athanasios V. Vasilakos , Panos Kostakos

The lifecycle of large language models (LLMs) is far more complex than that of traditional machine learning models, involving multiple training stages, diverse data sources, and varied inference methods. While prior research on data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Pengfei He , Yue Xing , Han Xu , Zhen Xiang , Jiliang Tang

Large Language Models (LLMs), which bridge the gap between human language understanding and complex problem-solving, achieve state-of-the-art performance on several NLP tasks, particularly in few-shot and zero-shot settings. Despite the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Shuai Zhao , Meihuizi Jia , Zhongliang Guo , Leilei Gan , Xiaoyu Xu , Xiaobao Wu , Jie Fu , Yichao Feng , Fengjun Pan , Luu Anh Tuan

Large multimodal language models have proven transformative in numerous applications. However, these models have been shown to memorize and leak pre-training data, raising serious user privacy and information security concerns. While data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Yang Chen , Ethan Mendes , Sauvik Das , Wei Xu , Alan Ritter

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized various applications by providing advanced natural language processing capabilities. However, this innovation introduces new cybersecurity challenges. This paper explores the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Stephen Burabari Tete