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With increasing ubiquity of artificial intelligence (AI) in modern societies, individual countries and the international community are working hard to create an innovation-friendly, yet safe, regulatory environment. Adequate regulation is…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-05-25 Olivia J. Erdélyi , Judy Goldsmith

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) has seen mainstream adoption lately, especially in the form of consumer-facing, open-ended, text and image generating models. However, the use of such systems raises significant ethical and safety…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Avijit Ghosh , Dhanya Lakshmi

Quantum tokens are underlying primitives for quantum money and network proposals, which leverage the no-cloning theorem to realize unforgeable authentication. A relevant but overlooked type of attack to such architectures is a hacker that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Lucas Tsunaki , Boris Naydenov

Quantum computing is a rapidly advancing field with the potential to drive scientific, educational, and technological development. However, it faces a significant shortage of qualified experts, creating an urgent demand for skilled…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-09-03 Laura Tenjo-Patiño , Cristian E. Bello , Alcides Montoya Cañola

Due to ambiguity in the wording of the EU AI Act, we examine the question of to what extent frontier biological foundation models such as ESM3 are subject to obligations for general-purpose AI models with systemic risk under the EU AI Act.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Taro Qureshi , Jacob Griffith , Koen Holtman , Marcel Mir Teijeiro , Ze Shen Chin , Rokas Gipiškis

Quantum coherence profoundly alters classical thermodynamic expectations by modifying the structure and accessibility of probability distributions. Classically, transitions to lower-entropy states (local second-law violations) are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-20 Andrei Tudor Patrascu

The EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) establishes a lifecycle governance regime for high-risk AI systems built around ex-ante conformity assessment, post-market monitoring, and re-assessment upon "substantial modification." These…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Andrea Ferrario

A fully homomorphic encryption system hides data from unauthorized parties, while still allowing them to perform computations on the encrypted data. Aside from the straightforward benefit of allowing users to delegate computations to a more…

Quantum computing is emerging as a promising technology, which is built on the principles of subatomic physics. By the time of writing, fully fledged practical quantum computers are not widely available. But research and development are…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Eduardo R. Miranda

Several sequential operations are usually needed for implementing controlled quantum gates and generating entanglement between a pair of quantum bits. Based on the conditional quantum dynamics for a two-ion system beyond the Lamb-Dicke…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 L. F. Wei , Franco Nori

The explosion in the performance of Machine Learning (ML) and the potential of its applications are strongly encouraging us to consider its use in industrial systems, including for critical functions such as decision-making in autonomous…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-14 François Terrier

The rapid rollout of AI in heterogeneous public and societal sectors has subsequently escalated the need for compliance with regulatory standards and frameworks. The EU AI Act has emerged as a landmark in the regulatory landscape. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Athanasios Davvetas , Michael Papademas , Xenia Ziouvelou , Vangelis Karkaletsis

Quantum computers create new security risks for today's encryption systems. This paper presents an improved version of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) that uses quantum technology to strengthen protection. Our approach offers two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-02 Albert Nieto-Morales , Arit Kumar Bishwas , Joel Jacob Varghese

The European AI Act is a new, legally binding instrument that will enforce certain requirements on the development and use of AI technology potentially affecting people in Europe. It can be expected that the stipulations of the Act, in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Holger Hermanns , Anne Lauber-Rönsberg , Philip Meinel , Sarah Sterz , Hanwei Zhang

Artificial intelligence pipelines -- spanning data collection, model training, deployment, and post-deployment monitoring -- concentrate ethical risks that intensify with multimodal and agentic systems. Existing governance instruments,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jasper Kyle Catapang

The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in various fields requires solid concepts to ensure compliance with upcoming legislation. This paper systematically examines the compliance of AI systems with relevant…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Julius Schöning , Niklas Kruse

Quantum simulations consist in the intentional reproduction of physical or unphysical models into another more controllable quantum system. Beyond establishing communication vessels between unconnected fields, they promise to solve complex…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-24 Lucas Lamata , Adrian Parra-Rodriguez , Mikel Sanz , Enrique Solano

The global landscape for quantum technologies (QTs) is rapidly changing, and proper understanding of their impact and subsequent regulations need to match this pace. A Responsible Innovation (RI) approach and guiding principles have been…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-09-10 Ria Chakraborty , Bruna S. de Mendonça , Katya Driscoll , Rodolfo R. Soldati , Ray Laflamme

The European Union is likely to introduce among the first, most stringent, and most comprehensive AI regulatory regimes of the world's major jurisdictions. In this report, we ask whether the EU's upcoming regulation for AI will diffuse…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Charlotte Siegmann , Markus Anderljung

Emergency pharmaceutical logistics during rapid-onset disasters must balance timeliness, legal compliance, and environmental uncertainty. We present a hybrid framework that co-designs quantum-inspired decision dynamics, embedded legal…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-08-13 Ruicheng Li , Jingxu Wu