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Large language models (LLMs) are now highly capable at a diverse range of tasks. This paper studies whether or not GPT-4, one such LLM, is capable of assisting researchers in the field of adversarial machine learning. As a case study, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Nicholas Carlini

Prompt engineering has emerged as a critical factor influencing large language model (LLM) performance, yet the impact of pragmatic elements such as linguistic tone and politeness remains underexplored, particularly across different model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Hanyu Cai , Binqi Shen , Lier Jin , Lan Hu , Xiaojing Fan

Recent studies demonstrate that Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to different prompt-based attacks, generating harmful content or sensitive information. Both closed-source and open-source LLMs are underinvestigated for these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Jiawen Wang , Pritha Gupta , Ivan Habernal , Eyke Hüllermeier

Large language models are increasingly used as automated evaluators in research and enterprise settings, a practice known as LLM-as-a-judge. While prior work has examined accuracy, bias, and alignment with human preferences, far less…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Fiona Lau

Large Language Model (LLM) assistants, such as ChatGPT, have emerged as potential alternatives to search methods for helping users navigate complex, feature-rich software. LLMs use vast training data from domain-specific texts, software…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Anjali Khurana , Hari Subramonyam , Parmit K Chilana

[Context]: Companies are increasingly recognizing the importance of automating Requirements Engineering (RE) tasks due to their resource-intensive nature. The advent of GenAI has made these tasks more amenable to automation, thanks to its…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Krishna Ronanki , Beatriz Cabrero-Daniel , Jennifer Horkoff , Christian Berger

In this paper, we investigate the safety mechanisms of instruction fine-tuned large language models (LLMs). We discover that re-weighting MLP neurons can significantly compromise a model's safety, especially for MLPs in end-of-sentence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Yifan Luo , Zhennan Zhou , Meitan Wang , Bin Dong

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in various tasks but often fail to handle queries that exceed their knowledge and capabilities, leading to incorrect or fabricated responses. This paper addresses the need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Wenbo Zhang , Zihang Xu , Hengrui Cai

The limits of open-ended generative models are unclear, yet increasingly important. What causes them to succeed and what causes them to fail? In this paper, we take a prompt-centric approach to analyzing and bounding the abilities of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Albert Lu , Hongxin Zhang , Yanzhe Zhang , Xuezhi Wang , Diyi Yang

Large language models (LLMs) are designed to align with human values in their responses. This study exploits LLMs with an iterative prompting technique where each prompt is systematically modified and refined across multiple iterations to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Shih-Wen Ke , Guan-Yu Lai , Guo-Lin Fang , Hsi-Yuan Kao

Large reasoning models with reasoning capabilities achieve state-of-the-art performance on complex tasks, but their robustness under multi-turn adversarial pressure remains underexplored. We evaluate nine frontier reasoning models under…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yubo Li , Ramayya Krishnan , Rema Padman

With the rise of multimodal large language models, GPT-4o stands out as a pioneering model, driving us to evaluate its capabilities. This report assesses GPT-4o across various tasks to analyze its audio processing and reasoning abilities.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Yu-Xiang Lin , Chih-Kai Yang , Wei-Chih Chen , Chen-An Li , Chien-yu Huang , Xuanjun Chen , Hung-yi Lee

Ensuring the safety and alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human values is crucial for generating responses that are beneficial to humanity. While LLMs have the capability to identify and avoid harmful queries, they remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yihua Zhou , Xiaochuan Shi

We demonstrate that, through appropriate prompting, GPT-3 family of models can be triggered to perform iterative behaviours necessary to execute (rather than just write or recall) programs that involve loops, including several popular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Ana Jojic , Zhen Wang , Nebojsa Jojic

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable performance on various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, there is a current hot debate regarding their reasoning capacity. In this paper, we examine the performance of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Jessica López Espejel , El Hassane Ettifouri , Mahaman Sanoussi Yahaya Alassan , El Mehdi Chouham , Walid Dahhane

Negative constraints (instructions of the form "do not use word X") represent a fundamental test of instruction-following capability in large language models. Despite their apparent simplicity, these constraints fail with striking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Shailesh Rana

Language models have shown impressive in-context-learning capabilities, which allow them to benefit from input prompts and perform better on downstream end tasks. Existing works investigate the mechanisms behind this observation, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Bangzheng Li , Ben Zhou , Xingyu Fu , Fei Wang , Dan Roth , Muhao Chen

Large language models (LLMs) exhibiting test-time scaling behavior, such as extended reasoning traces and self-verification, have demonstrated remarkable performance on complex, long-term reasoning tasks. However, the robustness of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Gleb Rodionov

Large language models excel at complex instructions yet struggle to deviate from their helpful assistant persona, as post-training instills strong priors that resist conflicting instructions. We introduce system prompt strength, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yijiang River Dong , Tiancheng Hu , Zheng Hui , Nigel Collier

We explore using a moderately sized large language model (GPT-J 6B parameters) to create a plan for a simulated robot to achieve 30 classes of goals in ScienceWorld, a text game simulator for elementary science experiments. Previously…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Manuel R. Ciosici , Alex Hedges , Yash Kankanampati , Justin Martin , Marjorie Freedman , Ralph Weischedel
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