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Code-switching (CSW) is a common phenomenon among multilingual speakers where multiple languages are used in a single discourse or utterance. Mixed language utterances may still contain grammatical errors however, yet most existing Grammar…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Kelvin Wey Han Chan , Christopher Bryant , Li Nguyen , Andrew Caines , Zheng Yuan

Code-switching (CS), a ubiquitous phenomenon due to the ease of communication it offers in multilingual communities still remains an understudied problem in language processing. The primary reasons behind this are: (1) minimal efforts in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Parul Chopra , Sai Krishna Rallabandi , Alan W Black , Khyathi Raghavi Chandu

We present Speech-MASSIVE, a multilingual Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) dataset comprising the speech counterpart for a portion of the MASSIVE textual corpus. Speech-MASSIVE covers 12 languages from different families and inherits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Beomseok Lee , Ioan Calapodescu , Marco Gaido , Matteo Negri , Laurent Besacier

Multilingual code-switching research is often hindered by the lack and linguistically biased status of available datasets. To expand language representation, we synthesize code-switching data by replacing intonation units detected through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Yeeun Kang

The CMU Wilderness Multilingual Speech Dataset (Black, 2019) is a newly published multilingual speech dataset based on recorded readings of the New Testament. It provides data to build Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and Text-to-Speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Marcely Zanon Boito , William N. Havard , Mahault Garnerin , Éric Le Ferrand , Laurent Besacier

There is a lack of an evaluation methodology that estimates the extent to which large language models (LLMs) use code-switching (CS) in the same way as bilinguals. Existing methods do not have wide language coverage, fail to account for the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Igor Sterner , Simone Teufel

The pervasiveness of intra-utterance code-switching (CS) in spoken content requires that speech recognition (ASR) systems handle mixed language. Designing a CS-ASR system has many challenges, mainly due to data scarcity, grammatical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Amir Hussein , Shammur Absar Chowdhury , Ahmed Abdelali , Najim Dehak , Ahmed Ali , Sanjeev Khudanpur

Code-switching (CS), which is when Vietnamese speech uses English words like drug names or procedures, is a common phenomenon in Vietnamese medical communication. This creates challenges for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Tung X. Nguyen , Nhu Vo , Giang-Son Nguyen , Duy Mai Hoang , Chien Dinh Huynh , Inigo Jauregi Unanue , Massimo Piccardi , Wray Buntine , Dung D. Le

Code-switching (CS) phenomenon occurs when words or phrases from different languages are alternated in a single sentence. Due to data scarcity, building an effective CS Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system remains challenging. In this…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-23 Yu Xi , Wen Ding , Kai Yu , Junjie Lai

Code-mixing involves the seamless integration of linguistic elements from multiple languages within a single discourse, reflecting natural multilingual communication patterns. Despite its prominence in informal interactions such as social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Svetlana Churina , Akshat Gupta , Insyirah Mujtahid , Kokil Jaidka

The advancement of multimodal large language models has accelerated the development of speech-to-speech interaction systems. While natural monolingual interaction has been achieved, we find existing models exhibit deficiencies in language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Heyang Liu , Yuhao Wang , Ziyang Cheng , Ronghua Wu , Qunshan Gu , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Lately, the problem of code-switching has gained a lot of attention and has emerged as an active area of research. In bilingual communities, the speakers commonly embed the words and phrases of a non-native language into the syntax of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-13 Ganji Sreeram , Rohit Sinha

Code-switching is a prevalent linguistic phenomenon in which multilingual individuals seamlessly alternate between languages. Despite its widespread use online and recent research trends in this area, research in code-switching presents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Frances A. Laureano De Leon , Harish Tayyar Madabushi , Mark Lee

Code-switching (CS) poses a significant challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs), yet its comprehensibility remains underexplored in LLMs. We introduce CS-Sum, to evaluate the comprehensibility of CS by the LLMs through CS dialogue to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Sathya Krishnan Suresh , Tanmay Surana , Lim Zhi Hao , Eng Siong Chng

Code-mixing, the practice of switching between languages within a conversation, poses unique challenges for traditional NLP. Existing benchmarks are limited by their narrow language pairs and tasks, failing to adequately assess large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Yilun Yang , Yekun Chai

This paper introduces a new corpus of Mandarin-English code-switching speech recognition--TALCS corpus, suitable for training and evaluating code-switching speech recognition systems. TALCS corpus is derived from real online one-to-one…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Chengfei Li , Shuhao Deng , Yaoping Wang , Guangjing Wang , Yaguang Gong , Changbin Chen , Jinfeng Bai

An increasing number of people in the world today speak a mixed-language as a result of being multilingual. However, building a speech recognition system for code-switching remains difficult due to the availability of limited resources and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Genta Indra Winata , Samuel Cahyawijaya , Zhaojiang Lin , Zihan Liu , Peng Xu , Pascale Fung

We introduce CVSS, a massively multilingual-to-English speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) corpus, covering sentence-level parallel S2ST pairs from 21 languages into English. CVSS is derived from the Common Voice speech corpus and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Ye Jia , Michelle Tadmor Ramanovich , Quan Wang , Heiga Zen

Current translation systems, despite being highly multilingual, cover only 5% of the world's languages. Expanding language coverage to the long-tail of low-resource languages requires data-efficient methods that rely on cross-lingual and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Ioannis Tsiamas , David Dale , Marta R. Costa-jussà

Spoken language translation has recently witnessed a resurgence in popularity, thanks to the development of end-to-end models and the creation of new corpora, such as Augmented LibriSpeech and MuST-C. Existing datasets involve language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Changhan Wang , Juan Pino , Anne Wu , Jiatao Gu