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Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology has the potential to significantly enhance the spectral efficiency (SE) of 6G wireless networks. However, practical deployment remains constrained by challenges in accurate channel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-11 Mohammad Ghassemi , Han Zhang , Ali Afana , Akram Bin Sediq , Melike Erol-Kantarci

To capture the communications gain of the massive radiating elements with low power cost, the conventional reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) usually works in passive mode. However, due to the cascaded channel structure and the lack…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-04 Shunbo Zhang , Shun Zhang , Feifei Gao , Jianpeng Ma , Octavia A. Dobre

We consider channel estimation in systems equipped with a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). In order to illuminate the additional cascaded channel as compared to systems without a RIS, commonly an unaffordable amount of pilot…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-27 Benedikt Fesl , Andreas Faika , Nurettin Turan , Michael Joham , Wolfgang Utschick

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) technology has emerged as a key enabler for future wireless communications. However, its potential is constrained by the difficulty of acquiring accurate user-to-RIS channel state information (CSI),…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-20 Md. Shahriar Sadid , Ali A. Nasir , Saad Al-Ahmadi , Samir Al-Ghadhban

Deploying multiple beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs) can potentially improve the communication performance thanks to inter-element connections of each BD-RIS and inter-surface cooperative beamforming gain among…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-23 Junyuan Gao , Shuowen Zhang , Liang Liu

Active Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) are a promising technology for 6G wireless networks. This paper investigates a novel hybrid deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework for resource allocation in a multi-user uplink system…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-29 Mohamed Shalma , Engy Aly Maher , Ahmed El-Mahdy

The use of multiple Reconfigurable Intelligent Sur- faces (RIS) has gained attention in 6G networks to enhance coverage. However, the feasibility of deploying multiple RIS relies on efficient channel estimation and reduced pilot overhead.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Roberto C. G. Porto , Rodrigo C. de Lamare

Extremely large reconfigurable intelligent surface (XL-RIS) is emerging as a promising key technology for 6G systems. To exploit XL-RIS's full potential, accurate channel estimation is essential. This paper investigates channel estimation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-26 Peicong Zheng , Xuantao Lyu , Ye Wang , Yi Gong

Downlink channel estimation remains a significant bottleneck in reconfigurable intelligent surface-assisted cell-free multiple-input multiple-output communication systems. Conventional approaches primarily rely on centralized deep learning…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Nan Qi , Haoxuan Liu , Theodoros A. Tsiftsis , Alexandros-Apostolos A. Boulogeorgos , Fuhui Zhou , Shi Jin , Qihui Wu

The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) with low hardware cost and energy consumption has been recognized as a potential technique for future 6G communications to enhance coverage and capacity. To achieve this goal, accurate channel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Xiuhong Wei , Decai Shen , Linglong Dai

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) constitutes an essential and promising paradigm that relies programmable wireless environment and provides capability for space-intensive communications, due to the use of low-cost massive reflecting…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Yu Jin , Jiayi Zhang , Chongwen Huang , Liang Yang , Huahua Xiao , Bo Ai , Zhiqin Wang

The integration of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) in wireless environments offers channel programmability and dynamic control over propagation channels, which is expected to play a crucial role in sixth generation (6G) networks.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-22 Anum Umer , Ivo Müürsepp , Muhammad Mahtab Alam

Recently, the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), benefited from the breakthrough on the fabrication of programmable meta-material, has been speculated as one of the key enabling technologies for the future six generation (6G)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Chongwen Huang , Ronghong Mo , Chau Yuen

In this paper, we investigate cascaded channel estimation for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided millimeter-wave multi-user communication systems. Since the complex channel gains of the cascaded RIS channel are generally…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-21 Gyoseung Lee , Junil Choi

Channel estimation is the main hurdle to reaping the benefits promised by the intelligent reflecting surface (IRS), due to its absence of ability to transmit/receive pilot signals as well as the huge number of channel coefficients…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-23 Rui Wang , Liang Liu , Shuowen Zhang , Changyuan Yu

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have emerged as a promising technology to enhance the performance of sixth-generation (6G) and beyond communication systems. The passive nature of RISs and their large number of reflecting elements…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Nipuni Ginige , Arthur Sousa de Sena , Nurul Huda Mahmood , Nandana Rajatheva , Matti Latva-aho

Optimally extracting the advantages available from reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) in wireless communications systems requires estimation of the channels to and from the RIS. The process of determining these channels is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-04 A. Lee Swindlehurst , Gui Zhou , Rang Liu , Cunhua Pan , Ming Li

Beamforming design for intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted multi-user communication (IRS-MUC) systems critically depends on the acquisition of accurate channel state information (CSI). However, channel estimation (CE) in IRS-MUC…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-24 Chang Liu , Xuemeng Liu , Zhiqiang Wei , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Robert Schober

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a promising technology for future wireless communication systems. Channel estimation (CE) of RIS device is a critical but also challenging issue for its development. The mainstream of existing CE…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Yanze Zhu , Yang Liu , Qingqing Wu , Changsheng You , Qingjiang Shi

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is capable of intelligently manipulating the phases of the incident electromagnetic wave to improve the wireless propagation environment between the base-station (BS) and the users. This paper…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-14 Zhongze Zhang , Tao Jiang , Wei Yu