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We present a novel statistical framework for analyzing stereotypes in large language models (LLMs) by systematically estimating the bias and variation in their generation. Current alignment evaluation metrics often overlook stereotypes'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yiran Liu , Ke Yang , Zehan Qi , Xiao Liu , Yang Yu , ChengXiang Zhai

Drawing parallels between human cognition and artificial intelligence, we explored how large language models (LLMs) internalize identities imposed by targeted prompts. Informed by Social Identity Theory, these identity assignments lead LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Wenchao Dong , Assem Zhunis , Dongyoung Jeong , Hyojin Chin , Jiyoung Han , Meeyoung Cha

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a useful technology for job matching, for both candidates and employers. Job matching is often based on a particular geographic location, such as a city or region. However, LLMs have known…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Charlie Campanella , Rob van der Goot

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in Automated Essay Scoring (AES) due to their ability to capture semantic meaning. Traditional fine-tuning approaches required technical expertise, limiting accessibility for educators with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Kaixun Yang , Mladen Raković , Dragan Gašević , Guanliang Chen

Gender bias in artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing has garnered significant attention due to its potential impact on societal perceptions and biases. This research paper aims to analyze gender bias in Large Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Vishesh Thakur

Large language models (LLMs) are trained on vast amounts of data to generate natural language, enabling them to perform tasks like text summarization and question answering. These models have become popular in artificial intelligence (AI)…

Eating disorders (ED), a severe mental health condition with high rates of mortality and morbidity, affect millions of people globally, especially adolescents. The proliferation of online communities that promote and normalize ED has been…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Minh Duc Chu , Zihao He , Rebecca Dorn , Kristina Lerman

Large language models (LLMs) often inherit and amplify social biases embedded in their training data. A prominent social bias is gender bias. In this regard, prior work has mainly focused on gender stereotyping bias - the association of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Erik Derner , Sara Sansalvador de la Fuente , Yoan Gutiérrez , Paloma Moreda , Nuria Oliver

While large language models (LLMs) are generally considered proficient in generating language, how similar their language usage is to that of humans remains understudied. In this paper, we test whether models exhibit linguistic convergence,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Terra Blevins , Susanne Schmalwieser , Benjamin Roth

Humans adjust their linguistic style to the audience they are addressing. However, the extent to which LLMs adapt to different social contexts is largely unknown. As these models increasingly mediate human-to-human communication, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Elisa Bassignana , Mike Zhang , Dirk Hovy , Amanda Cercas Curry

Despite widespread success in language understanding and generation, large language models (LLMs) exhibit unclear and often inconsistent behavior when faced with tasks that require probabilistic reasoning. In this work, we present the first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Mobina Pournemat , Keivan Rezaei , Gaurang Sriramanan , Arman Zarei , Jiaxiang Fu , Yang Wang , Hamid Eghbalzadeh , Soheil Feizi

We investigate how LLMs encode sociodemographic attributes of human conversational partners inferred from indirect cues such as names and occupations. We show that LLMs develop linear representations of user demographics within activation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Paul Bouchaud , Pedro Ramaciotti

Psychological profiling of large language models (LLMs) using psychometric questionnaires designed for humans has become widespread. However, it remains unclear whether the resulting profiles mirror the models' psychological characteristics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Woojung Song , Dongmin Choi , Yoonah Park , Jongwook Han , Yohan Jo

Large Language Models (LLMs) are finding applications in all aspects of life, but their susceptibility to biases, particularly gender stereotyping, raises ethical concerns. This study introduces a novel methodology, a persona-based…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Rajesh Ranjan , Shailja Gupta , Surya Naranyan Singh

The surge in popularity of large language models has given rise to concerns about biases that these models could learn from humans. We investigate whether ingroup solidarity and outgroup hostility, fundamental social identity biases known…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Tiancheng Hu , Yara Kyrychenko , Steve Rathje , Nigel Collier , Sander van der Linden , Jon Roozenbeek

As large language models (LLMs) transition from chat interfaces to integral components of stochastic pipelines and systems approaching general intelligence, the ability to faithfully sample from specified probability distributions has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Minda Zhao , Yilun Du , Mengyu Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have been recently leveraged as training data generators for various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. While previous research has explored different approaches to training models using generated data,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Yue Yu , Yuchen Zhuang , Jieyu Zhang , Yu Meng , Alexander Ratner , Ranjay Krishna , Jiaming Shen , Chao Zhang

As large language models (LLMs) become more capable, there is growing excitement about the possibility of using LLMs as proxies for humans in real-world tasks where subjective labels are desired, such as in surveys and opinion polling. One…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Lindia Tjuatja , Valerie Chen , Sherry Tongshuang Wu , Ameet Talwalkar , Graham Neubig

Text-to-image models are now easy to use and ubiquitous. However, prior work has found that they are prone to recapitulating harmful Western stereotypes. For example, requesting that a model generate an "African person and their house," may…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Joshua N. Williams , Molly FitzMorris , Osman Aka , Sarah Laszlo

Large language models (LLMs) are trained on vast, uncurated datasets that contain various forms of biases and language reinforcing harmful stereotypes that may be subsequently inherited by the models themselves. Therefore, it is essential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Jacob-Junqi Tian , Omkar Dige , D. B. Emerson , Faiza Khan Khattak
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