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User profiling is crucial in providing personalised services, as it relies on analysing user behaviour and preferences to deliver targeted services. This approach enhances user experience and promotes heightened engagement. Nevertheless,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-07 Imdad Ullah , Najm Hassan , Tariq Ahamed Ahangar , Zawar Hussain Shah , Mehregan Mahdavi , Andrew Levula

Decentralized Storage Networks (DSNs) are emerging as a foundational infrastructure for Web 3.0, offering global peer-to-peer storage. However, a critical vulnerability persists: user privacy during file retrieval remains largely…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Jiahao Zhang , Minghui Xu , Hechuan Guo , Xiuzhen Cheng

We consider the problem of private information retrieval (PIR) of a single message out of $K$ messages from $N$ replicated and non-colluding databases where a cache-enabled user (retriever) of cache-size $M$ possesses side information in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-28 Yi-Peng Wei , Karim Banawan , Sennur Ulukus

Private Information Retrieval (PIR) problem has recently attracted a significant interest in the information-theory community. In this problem, a user wants to privately download one or more messages belonging to a database with copies…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Swanand Kadhe , Anoosheh Heidarzadeh , Alex Sprintson , O. Ozan Koyluoglu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a foundational component of modern AI systems, yet it introduces significant privacy risks by exposing user queries to service providers. To address this, we introduce PIR-RAG, a practical…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Baiqiang Wang , Qian Lou , Mengxin Zheng , Dongfang Zhao

Private information retrieval (PIR) is a protocol that guarantees the privacy of a user who is in communication with databases. The user wants to download one of the messages stored in the databases while hiding the identity of the desired…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Jun-Woo Tak , Sang-Hyo Kim , Yongjune Kim , Jong-Seon No

In this paper, we present a new perspective of single server private information retrieval (PIR) schemes by using the notion of linear error-correcting codes. Many of the known single server schemes are based on taking linear combinations…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-17 Gianira N. Alfarano , Karan Khathuria , Violetta Weger

We consider the problem of noisy private information retrieval (NPIR) from $N$ non-communicating databases, each storing the same set of $M$ messages. In this model, the answer strings are not returned through noiseless bit pipes, but…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-07-17 Karim Banawan , Sennur Ulukus

The widespread use of cloud computing services raises the question of how one can delegate the processing tasks to the untrusted distributed parties without breeching the privacy of its data and algorithms. Motivated by the algorithm…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-16 Mahtab Mirmohseni , Mohammad Ali Maddah-Ali

Private Information Retrieval (PIR) schemes enable users to securely retrieve files from a server without disclosing the content of their queries, thereby preserving their privacy. In 2008, Melchor and Gaborit proposed a PIR scheme that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Svenja Lage

Location-based services often require users to share sensitive locational data, raising privacy concerns due to potential misuse or exploitation by untrusted servers. In response, we present VeLoPIR, a versatile location-based private…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Joon Soo Yoo , Taeho Kim , Ji Won Yoon

Private information retrieval (PIR) is the problem of retrieving as efficiently as possible, one out of $K$ messages from $N$ non-communicating replicated databases (each holds all $K$ messages) while keeping the identity of the desired…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-07-18 Hua Sun , Syed A. Jafar

We consider the problem of weakly-private information retrieval (WPIR) when data is encoded by a maximum distance separable code and stored across multiple servers. In WPIR, a user wishes to retrieve a piece of data from a set of servers…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Asbjørn O. Orvedal , Hsuan-Yin Lin , Eirik Rosnes

Authenticated private information retrieval (APIR) is the state-of-the-art error-detecting private information retrieval (ED-PIR), using Distributed Point Functions (DPFs) for subpolynomial complexity and privacy. However, its finite field…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Pengzhen Ke , Liang Feng Zhang , Huaxiong Wang , Li-Ping Wang

This work presents an algorithmic framework that uses linear programming to construct \emph{addition-based Private Information Retrieval (AB-PIR)} schemes, where retrieval is performed by downloading only linear combinations of message…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Anoosheh Heidarzadeh , Ningze Wang , Alex Sprintson

Private information retrieval (PIR) allows a user to download one of $K$ messages from $N$ databases without revealing to any database which of the $K$ messages is being downloaded. In general, the databases can be storage constrained where…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Nicholas Woolsey , Rong-Rong Chen , Mingyue Ji

Private information retrieval from a single server is considered, utilizing random linear codes. Presented is a modified version of the first code-based single-server computational PIR scheme proposed by Holzbaur, Hollanti, and Wachter-Zeh…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Neehar Verma , Camilla Hollanti

We revisit the problem of symmetric private information retrieval (SPIR) in settings where the database replication is modeled by a simple graph. Here, each vertex corresponds to a server, and a message is replicated on two servers if and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Shreya Meel , Sennur Ulukus

Private queries allow a user Alice to learn an element of a database held by a provider Bob without revealing which element she was interested in, while limiting her information about the other elements. We propose to implement private…

This paper proposes Prism, a secret sharing based approach to compute private set operations (i.e., intersection and union), as well as aggregates over outsourced databases belonging to multiple owners. Prism enables data owners to pre-load…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-04-09 Yin Li , Dhrubajyoti Ghosh , Peeyush Gupta , Sharad Mehrotra , Nisha Panwar , Shantanu Sharma
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