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Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is a popular topic modeling technique for discovery of hidden semantic architecture of text datasets, and plays a fundamental role in many machine learning applications. However, like many other machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Fangyuan Zhao , Xuebin Ren , Shusen Yang , Xinyu Yang

CPU-based trusted execution environments (TEEs) and differential privacy (DP) have gained wide applications for private inference. Due to high inference latency in TEEs, researchers use partition-based approaches that offload linear model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Honglan Yu , Yibin Wang , Feifei Dai , Dong Liu , Haihui Fan , Xiaoyan Gu

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in natural language understanding by capturing hidden semantics in vector space. This process enriches the value of text embeddings for various downstream tasks, thereby fostering the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Peihua Mai , Ran Yan , Zhe Huang , Youjia Yang , Yan Pang

Private data, being larger and quality-higher than public data, can greatly improve large language models (LLM). However, due to privacy concerns, this data is often dispersed in multiple silos, making its secure utilization for LLM…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-24 JiaYing Zheng , HaiNan Zhang , LingXiang Wang , WangJie Qiu , HongWei Zheng , ZhiMing Zheng

As the issues of privacy and trust are receiving increasing attention within the research community, various attempts have been made to anonymize textual data. A significant subset of these approaches incorporate differentially private…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Justus Mattern , Benjamin Weggenmann , Florian Kerschbaum

With the proliferation of training data, distributed machine learning (DML) is becoming more competent for large-scale learning tasks. However, privacy concerns have to be given priority in DML, since training data may contain sensitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-26 Xin Wang , Hideaki Ishii , Linkang Du , Peng Cheng , Jiming Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly transformed the landscape of Natural Language Processing (NLP). Their impact extends across a diverse spectrum of tasks, revolutionizing how we approach language understanding and generations.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Sara Abdali , Richard Anarfi , CJ Barberan , Jia He , Erfan Shayegani

The surge in interest and application of large language models (LLMs) has sparked a drive to fine-tune these models to suit specific applications, such as finance and medical science. However, concerns regarding data privacy have emerged,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Xiao-Yang Liu , Rongyi Zhu , Daochen Zha , Jiechao Gao , Shan Zhong , Matt White , Meikang Qiu

While many online services provide privacy policies for end users to read and understand what personal data are being collected, these documents are often lengthy and complicated. As a result, the vast majority of users do not read them at…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Bhanuka Silva , Dishanika Denipitiyage , Suranga Seneviratne , Anirban Mahanti , Aruna Seneviratne

Current LLM-based services typically require users to submit raw text regardless of its sensitivity. While intuitive, such practice introduces substantial privacy risks, as unauthorized access may expose personal, medical, or legal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Jeongho Yoon , Chanhee Park , Yongchan Chun , Hyeonseok Moon , Heuiseok Lim

Large Language Models (LLMs) embed sensitive, human-generated data, prompting the need for unlearning methods. Although certified unlearning offers strong privacy guarantees, its restrictive assumptions make it unsuitable for LLMs, giving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Rongzhe Wei , Mufei Li , Mohsen Ghassemi , Eleonora Kreačić , Yifan Li , Xiang Yue , Bo Li , Vamsi K. Potluru , Pan Li , Eli Chien

Ensuring the privacy of users whose data are used to train Natural Language Processing (NLP) models is necessary to build and maintain customer trust. Differential Privacy (DP) has emerged as the most successful method to protect the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Ricardo Silva Carvalho , Theodore Vasiloudis , Oluwaseyi Feyisetan

Applications of Differential Privacy (DP) in NLP must distinguish between the syntactic level on which a proposed mechanism operates, often taking the form of $\textit{word-level}$ or $\textit{document-level}$ privatization. Recently,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Stephen Meisenbacher , Maulik Chevli , Florian Matthes

Most deep learning frameworks require users to pool their local data or model updates to a trusted server to train or maintain a global model. The assumption of a trusted server who has access to user information is ill-suited in many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Lingjuan Lyu , Yitong Li , Xuanli He , Tong Xiao

The discourse on privacy risks in Large Language Models (LLMs) has disproportionately focused on verbatim memorization of training data, while a constellation of more immediate and scalable privacy threats remain underexplored. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Niloofar Mireshghallah , Tianshi Li

Privacy is an important concern when building statistical models on data containing personal information. Differential privacy offers a strong definition of privacy and can be used to solve several privacy concerns (Dwork et al., 2014).…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Satyapriya Krishna , Rahul Gupta , Christophe Dupuy

Large Language Models (LLMs) generate responses based on user prompts. Often, these prompts may contain highly sensitive information, including personally identifiable information (PII), which could be exposed to third parties hosting these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shashie Dilhara Batan Arachchige , Hassan Jameel Asghar , Benjamin Zi Hao Zhao , Dinusha Vatsalan , Dali Kaafar

As large language models (LLMs) become ubiquitous in our daily tasks and digital interactions, associated privacy risks are increasingly in focus. While LLM privacy research has primarily focused on the leakage of model training data, it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Batuhan Tömekçe , Mark Vero , Robin Staab , Martin Vechev

We initiate the study of language generation in the limit, a model recently introduced by Kleinberg and Mullainathan [KM24], under the constraint of differential privacy. We consider the continual release model, where a generator must…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-10 Anay Mehrotra , Grigoris Velegkas , Xifan Yu , Felix Zhou

Ensuring privacy during inference stage is crucial to prevent malicious third parties from reconstructing users' private inputs from outputs of public models. Despite a large body of literature on privacy preserving learning (which ensures…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Fengwei Tian , Ravi Tandon
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