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In this work, we present the first experimental upper limits on the presence of stochastic ultra-high-frequency gravitational waves. We exclude gravitational waves in the frequency bands from $(2.7 - 14)\times10^{14}~$Hz and $(5 -…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-01-14 Aldo Ejlli , Damian Ejlli , Adrian Mike Cruise , Giampaolo Pisano , Hartmut Grote

In this paper, we investigate the generation of gravitational waves (GWs) from a first-order QCD confinement-deconfinement phase transition under external magnetic field from holography. We analyze the GWs spectra across both hard wall and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-03-24 Man-Man Sun , Man-Li Tian , Zhou-Run Zhu

Inflation models ending in a first order phase transition produce gravitational waves (GW) via bubble collisions of the true vacuum phase. We demonstrate that these bubble collisions can leave an observable signature in Advanced LIGO, an…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-02-16 Alejandro Lopez , Katherine Freese

We present an updated analysis of the first-order phase transition associated with symmetry breaking in the early Universe in a classically scale-invariant model extended with a new SU(2) gauge group. Including recent developments in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-03 Maciej Kierkla , Alexandros Karam , Bogumila Swiezewska

We perform a phenomenological comparison of the gravitational wave (GW) spectrum expected from cosmic gauge string networks and superstring networks comprised of multiple string types. We show how violations of scaling behavior and the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-07-25 Danny Marfatia , Ye-Ling Zhou

Chain inflation proceeds through a series of first order phase transitions, which can release considerable gravitational waves (GW). We demonstrate that bubble collisions can leave an observable signature for future high-frequency probes of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-22 Amjad Ashoorioon , Katherine Freese

Gravitational wave (GW) astrophysics is entering a multi-band era with upcoming GW detectors, enabling detailed mapping of the stochastic GW background across vast frequencies. We highlight this potential via a new physics scenario: hybrid…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-26 Yunjia Bao , Tore Boybeyi , Vuk Mandic , Lian-Tao Wang

If there was a first order phase transition in the early universe, there should be an associated stochastic background of gravitational waves. In this paper, we point out that the characteristic frequency of the spectrum due to phase…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Christophe Grojean , Geraldine Servant

We point out that the existence of post-inflationary phases stiffer than radiation leads to the production of stochastic gravitational waves (GW) backgrounds whose logarithmic energy spectra (in critical units) are typically "blue" at high…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 Massimo Giovannini

We compute the gravitational wave (GW) spectrum sourced by sound waves produced during a first-order phase transition in the radiation-dominated epoch. The correlator of the velocity field is evaluated in accordance with the sound shell…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-02-26 Alberto Roper Pol , Simona Procacci , Chiara Caprini

Gravitational waves (GWs) were recently detected for the first time. This revolutionary discovery opens a new way of learning about particle physics through GWs from first-order phase transitions (FOPTs) in the early Universe. FOPTs could…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-01-23 Peter Athron , Csaba Balázs , Andrew Fowlie , Lachlan Morris , Lei Wu

Several pulsar timing array collaborations recently reported evidence of a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) at nHz frequencies. Whilst the SGWB could originate from the merger of supermassive black holes, it could be a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-06-05 Peter Athron , Andrew Fowlie , Chih-Ting Lu , Lachlan Morris , Lei Wu , Yongcheng Wu , Zhongxiu Xu

We place constraints on the normalized energy density in gravitational waves from first-order strong phase transitions using data from Advanced LIGO and Virgo's first, second and third observing runs. First, adopting a broken power law…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-04-21 Alba Romero , Katarina Martinovic , Thomas A. Callister , Huai-Ke Guo , Mario Martínez , Mairi Sakellariadou , Feng-Wei Yang , Yue Zhao

We discuss the gravitational wave spectrum produced by first-order phase transitions seeded by domain wall networks. This setup is important for many two-step phase transitions as seen for example in the singlet extension of the standard…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-15 Simone Blasi , Ryusuke Jinno , Thomas Konstandin , Henrique Rubira , Isak Stomberg

We study the spectrum of gravitational waves produced by a first order phase transition in a hidden sector that is colder than the visible sector. In this scenario, bubbles of the hidden sector vacuum can be nucleated through either thermal…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-10-29 Malcolm Fairbairn , Edward Hardy , Alastair Wickens

We propose a novel mechanism where a first-order phase transition modulates the decay rate of a massive field. This modulation, even if the scalar field has negligible energy density, subsequently generates an observable stochastic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-11 Xiao-Bin Sui , Jing Liu , Rong-Gen Cai

Extra CP-violating source for electroweak baryogenesis can dynamically appear at finite temperature in the complex two-Higgs doublet model, which might help to alleviate the strong constraints from the electric dipole moment experiments. In…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-01-28 Xiao Wang , Fa Peng Huang , Xinmin Zhang

We comprehensively study the effects of bubble wall thickness and speed on the gravitational wave emission spectrum of collisions of two vacuum bubbles. We numerically simulate a large dynamical range, making use of symmetry to reduce the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-11-16 Oliver Gould , Satumaaria Sukuvaara , David Weir

Within the standard framework in which electroweak sphaleron processes relate lepton and baryon number, we derive an upper limit on the amplitude of a chiral gravitational wave background produced prior to the electroweak epoch. This bound…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-03-09 Mohammad Ali Gorji , Ashu Kushwaha , Teruaki Suyama

We study gravitational waves from supercooled cosmological first-order phase transitions. If such a transition is followed by inefficient reheating, the evolution history of the universe is modified by a period of early matter domination.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-05 Adam Gonstal , Marek Lewicki , Bogumila Swiezewska