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The pursuit of general intelligence has traditionally centered on external objectives: an agent's control over its environments or mastery of specific tasks. This external focus, however, can produce specialized agents that lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Hanqi Zhou , Fryderyk Mantiuk , David G. Nagy , Charley M. Wu

Large language models are increasingly expected to serve as general-purpose agents that interact with external, stateful tool environments. The Model Context Protocol (MCP) and broader agent skills offer a unified interface for connecting…

Much of model-based reinforcement learning involves learning a model of an agent's world, and training an agent to leverage this model to perform a task more efficiently. While these models are demonstrably useful for agents, every…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-11-01 C. Daniel Freeman , Luke Metz , David Ha

A world model is an AI system that simulates how an environment evolves under actions, enabling planning through imagined futures rather than reactive perception. Current world models, however, suffer from visual conflation: the mistaken…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Zhikang Chen , Tingting Zhu

We propose a lifelong learning architecture, the Neural Computer Agent (NCA), where a Reinforcement Learning agent is paired with a predictive model of the environment learned by a Differentiable Neural Computer (DNC). The agent and DNC…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-19 Adeel Mufti , Svetlin Penkov , Subramanian Ramamoorthy

We introduce environment predictive coding, a self-supervised approach to learn environment-level representations for embodied agents. In contrast to prior work on self-supervised learning for images, we aim to jointly encode a series of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Santhosh K. Ramakrishnan , Tushar Nagarajan , Ziad Al-Halah , Kristen Grauman

Transferring learning-based models to the real world remains one of the hardest problems in model-free control theory. Due to the cost of data collection on a real robot and the limited sample efficiency of Deep Reinforcement Learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-05-01 Thomas Chaffre , Julien Moras , Adrien Chan-Hon-Tong , Julien Marzat

A world model provides an agent with a representation of its environment, enabling it to predict the causal consequences of its actions. Current world models typically cannot directly and explicitly imitate the actual environment in front…

In the intrinsically motivated skills acquisition problem, the agent is set in an environment without any pre-defined goals and needs to acquire an open-ended repertoire of skills. To do so the agent needs to be autotelic (deriving from the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Eleni Nisioti , Elías Masquil , Gautier Hamon , and Clément Moulin-Frier

We propose a domain adaptation method, MoDA, which adapts a pretrained embodied agent to a new, noisy environment without ground-truth supervision. Map-based memory provides important contextual information for visual navigation, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Eun Sun Lee , Junho Kim , SangWon Park , Young Min Kim

We train embodied agents to play Visual Hide and Seek where a prey must navigate in a simulated environment in order to avoid capture from a predator. We place a variety of obstacles in the environment for the prey to hide behind, and we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-18 Boyuan Chen , Shuran Song , Hod Lipson , Carl Vondrick

GUI agents that interact with graphical interfaces on behalf of users represent a promising direction for practical AI assistants. However, training such agents is hindered by the scarcity of suitable environments. We present InfiniteWeb, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Ziyun Zhang , Zezhou Wang , Xiaoyi Zhang , Zongyu Guo , Jiahao Li , Bin Li , Yan Lu

World models learn behaviors in a latent imagination space to enhance the sample-efficiency of deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. While learning world models for high-dimensional observations (e.g., pixel inputs) has become…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Axel Brunnbauer , Luigi Berducci , Andreas Brandstätter , Mathias Lechner , Ramin Hasani , Daniela Rus , Radu Grosu

Multi-agent reinforcement learning is difficult to be applied in practice, which is partially due to the gap between the simulated and real-world scenarios. One reason for the gap is that the simulated systems always assume that the agents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Jian Zhao , Youpeng Zhao , Weixun Wang , Mingyu Yang , Xunhan Hu , Wengang Zhou , Jianye Hao , Houqiang Li

While multi-agent interactions can be naturally modeled as a graph, the environment has traditionally been considered as a black box. We propose to create a shared agent-entity graph, where agents and environmental entities form vertices,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Akshat Agarwal , Sumit Kumar , Katia Sycara

Advancements in reinforcement learning (RL) have demonstrated superhuman performance in complex tasks such as Starcraft, Go, Chess etc. However, knowledge transfer from Artificial "Experts" to humans remain a significant challenge. A…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Sidney Tio , Pradeep Varakantham

Reinforcement learning (RL) agents often struggle to generalize to new tasks and contexts without updating their parameters, mainly because their learned representations and policies are overfit to the specifics of their training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Fernando Martinez-Lopez , Tao Li , Yingdong Lu , Juntao Chen

Language models are exhibiting increasing capability in knowledge utilization and reasoning. However, when applied as agents in embodied environments, they often suffer from misalignment between their intrinsic knowledge and environmental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Hanlin Wang , Chak Tou Leong , Jian Wang , Wenjie Li

The robustness of any machine learning solution is fundamentally bound by the data it was trained on. One way to generalize beyond the original training is through human-informed augmentation of the original dataset; however, it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-08 Nicholas A. Ketz , Praveen K. Pilly

The landscape of video generation is shifting, from a focus on generating visually appealing clips to building virtual environments that support interaction and maintain physical plausibility. These developments point toward the emergence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Jingtong Yue , Ziqi Huang , Zhaoxi Chen , Xintao Wang , Pengfei Wan , Ziwei Liu