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The evolution of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations has been intimately linked to that of computing hardware. For decades following the creation of MD, simulations have improved with computing power along the three principal dimensions of…

The recent breakthrough of AlphaFold3 in modeling complex biomolecular interactions, including those between proteins and ligands, nucleotides, or metal ions, creates new opportunities for protein design. In so-called inverse protein…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-22 Kai Yi , Kiarash Jamali , Sjors H. W. Scheres

Designing DNA and protein sequences with improved function has the potential to greatly accelerate synthetic biology. Machine learning models that accurately predict biological fitness from sequence are becoming a powerful tool for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Johannes Linder , Georg Seelig

The equations of classical mechanics can be used to model the time evolution of countless physical systems, from the astrophysical to the atomic scale. Accurate numerical integration requires small time steps, which limits the computational…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Filippo Bigi , Johannes Spies , Michele Ceriotti

In molecular dynamics (MD), systems are molecules made up of atoms, and the aim is to determine their evolution over time. MD is based on a numerical resolution algorithm, whose role is to apply the forces generated by the various…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-10-16 Frédéric Boussinot

To address the computational challenges of ab initio molecular dynamics and the accuracy limitations of empirical force fields, the introduction of machine learning force fields has proven effective in various systems including metals and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-12-18 Junbao Hu , Liyang Zhou , Jian Jiang

A generalized understanding of protein dynamics is an unsolved scientific problem, the solution of which is critical to the interpretation of the structure-function relationships that govern essential biological processes. Here, we approach…

With the continuous growth of processing power for scientific computing, first principles Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are becoming increasingly popular for the study of a wide range of problems in materials science,…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-06-04 Anders M. N. Niklasson , Marc J. Cawkwell

Proteins perform critical processes in all living systems: converting solar energy into chemical energy, replicating DNA, as the basis of highly performant materials, sensing and much more. While an incredible range of functionality has…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-09-29 Leonardo V. Castorina , Rokas Petrenas , Kartic Subr , Christopher W. Wood

Molecular dynamics simulations have the potential to provide atomic-level detail and insight to important questions in chemical physics that cannot be observed in typical experiments. However, simply generating a long trajectory is…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2015-06-22 Christian R. Schwantes , Robert T. McGibbon , Vijay S. Pande

In recent years dynamical modelling has been provided with a range of breakthrough methods to perform exact Bayesian inference. However it is often computationally unfeasible to apply exact statistical methodologies in the context of large…

Computation · Statistics 2014-12-24 Umberto Picchini , Julie Lyng Forman

Predicting the structure of multi-protein complexes is a grand challenge in biochemistry, with major implications for basic science and drug discovery. Computational structure prediction methods generally leverage pre-defined structural…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-01-26 Stephan Eismann , Raphael J. L. Townshend , Nathaniel Thomas , Milind Jagota , Bowen Jing , Ron O. Dror

Classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are important tools in life and material sciences since they allow studying chemical and biological processes in detail. However, the inherent scalability problem of particle-particle…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-08-14 Michael Schaffner , Luca Benini

Coarse-graining of fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations is a long-standing goal in order to allow the description of processes occurring on biologically relevant timescales. For example, the prediction of pathways, rates and…

Biological Physics · Physics 2020-06-12 Steffen Wolf , Benjamin Lickert , Simon Bray , Gerhard Stock

Deep Learning (DL) algorithms hold great promise for applications in the field of computational biophysics. In fact, the vast amount of available molecular structures, as well as their notable complexity, constitutes an ideal context in…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-01-07 Marco Giulini , Raffaello Potestio

Molecular docking is an important tool for structure-based drug design, accelerating the efficiency of drug development. Complex and dynamic binding processes between proteins and small molecules require searching and sampling over a wide…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-02-23 Runqiu Shu , Bowen Liu , Zhaoping Xiong , Xiaopeng Cui , Yunting Li , Wei Cui , Man-Hong Yung , Nan Qiao

The simulation of high-energy physics collision events is a key element for data analysis at present and future particle accelerators. The comparison of simulation predictions to data allows looking for rare deviations that can be due to…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2024-07-16 Francesco Vaselli , Filippo Cattafesta , Patrick Asenov , Andrea Rizzi

We present a procedure for enhanced sampling of molecular dynamics simulations through informed stochastic resetting. Many phenomena, such as protein folding and crystal nucleation, occur over time scales that are inaccessible in standard…

Electrostatic forces play many important roles in molecular biology, but are hard to model due to the complicated interactions between biomolecules and the surrounding solvent, a fluid composed of water and dissolved ions. Continuum model…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-12-29 Jaydeep P. Bardhan , Matthew G. Knepley

In recent years, machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) have attracted significant attention as a method that enables large-scale, long-time atomistic simulations while maintaining accuracy comparable to electronic structure…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-03-27 Yuta Yoshimoto , Naoki Matsumura , Yuto Iwasaki , Hiroshi Nakao , Yasufumi Sakai