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Byte Pair Encoding (BPE) serves as a foundation method for text tokenization in the Natural Language Processing (NLP) field. Despite its wide adoption, the original BPE algorithm harbors an inherent flaw: it inadvertently introduces a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Haoran Lian , Yizhe Xiong , Jianwei Niu , Shasha Mo , Zhenpeng Su , Zijia Lin , Hui Chen , Peng Liu , Jungong Han , Guiguang Ding

Recommender systems have advanced markedly over the past decade by transforming each user/item into a dense embedding vector with deep learning models. At industrial scale, embedding tables constituted by such vectors of all users/items…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Runhao Jiang , Renchi Yang , Donghao Wu

Entity matching (EM) refers to the problem of identifying tuple pairs in one or more relations that refer to the same real world entities. Supervised machine learning (ML) approaches, and deep learning based approaches in particular,…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Renzhi Wu , Prem Sakala , Peng Li , Xu Chu , Yeye He

On-device recommendation is critical for a number of real-world applications, especially in scenarios that have agreements on execution latency, user privacy, and robust functionality when internet connectivity is unstable or even…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Xin Xia , Hongzhi Yin , Shane Culpepper

Cloud computing is emerging as a revolutionary computing paradigm which pro-vides a flexible and economic strategy for data management and resource sharing. Security and privacy become major concerns in the cloud scenario, for which…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-09-01 Ruihui Zhao , Mizuho Iwaihara

The state-of-the-art recommendation systems have shifted the attention to efficient recommendation, e.g., on-device recommendation, under memory constraints. To this end, the existing methods either focused on the lightweight embeddings for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Yang Wang , Haipeng Liu , Zeqian Yi , Biao Qian , Meng Wang

Tokenization is the first step in modern neural language model pipelines where an input text is converted to a sequence of subword tokens. We introduce from first principles a finite-state transduction framework which can efficiently encode…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Marco Cognetta , Naoaki Okazaki

The recent advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) offers new opportunities to generate user preference data to warm-start bandits. Recent studies on contextual bandits with LLM initialization (CBLI) have shown that these synthetic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Adam Bayley , Xiaodan Zhu , Raquel Aoki , Yanshuai Cao , Kevin H. Wilson

The exploding popularity of online content and its user base poses an evermore challenging matching problem for modern recommendation systems. Unlike other frontiers of machine learning such as natural language, recommendation systems are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Hong Jun Jeon , Songbin Liu , Yuantong Li , Jie Lyu , Hunter Song , Ji Liu , Peng Wu , Zheqing Zhu

We investigate the usage of Large Language Model (LLM) in collecting high-quality data to warm-start Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms for learning in some classical Markov Decision Process (MDP) environments. In this work, we focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Thang Duong , Minglai Yang , Chicheng Zhang

Multi-objective discrete optimization problems, such as molecular design, pose significant challenges due to their vast and unstructured combinatorial spaces. Traditional evolutionary algorithms often get trapped in local optima, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Nian Ran , Zhongzheng Li , Yue Wang , Qingsong Ran , Xiaoyuan Zhang , Shikun Feng , Richard Allmendinger , Xiaoguang Zhao

The item cold-start problem is crucial for online recommender systems, as the success of the cold-start phase determines whether items can transition into popular ones. Prompt learning, a powerful technique used in natural language…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Yuezihan Jiang , Gaode Chen , Wenhan Zhang , Jingchi Wang , Yinjie Jiang , Qi Zhang , Jingjian Lin , Peng Jiang , Kaigui Bian

Recommender systems are essential for guiding users through the vast and diverse landscape of digital content by delivering personalized and relevant suggestions. However, improving both personalization and interpretability remains a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Danial Ebrat , Tina Aminian , Sepideh Ahmadian , Luis Rueda

Using model weights pretrained on a high-resource language as a warm start can reduce the need for data and compute to obtain high-quality language models for other, especially low-resource, languages. However, if we want to use a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Konstantin Dobler , Gerard de Melo

Unsupervised text embedding methods, such as Skip-gram and Paragraph Vector, have been attracting increasing attention due to their simplicity, scalability, and effectiveness. However, comparing to sophisticated deep learning architectures…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-08-04 Jian Tang , Meng Qu , Qiaozhu Mei

Collaborative filtering (CF) is widely adopted in industrial recommender systems (RecSys) for modeling user-item interactions across numerous applications, but often struggles with cold-start and data-sparse scenarios. Recent advancements…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Weizhi Zhang , Liangwei Yang , Wooseong Yang , Henry Peng Zou , Yuqing Liu , Ke Xu , Sourav Medya , Philip S. Yu

Hybrid recommendation usually combines collaborative filtering with content-based filtering to exploit merits of both techniques. It is widely accepted that hybrid filtering outperforms the single algorithm, thus it has been the new trend…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-05-09 Yuchen Xiao , Ruzhe Zhong

Table annotation is crucial for making web and enterprise tables usable in downstream NLP applications. Unlike textual data where learning semantically rich token or sentence embeddings often suffice, tables are structured combinations of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Ehsan Hoseinzade , Ke Wang , Anandharaju Durai Raju

Large language models (LLM) have recently emerged as a powerful tool for a variety of natural language processing tasks, bringing a new surge of combining LLM with recommendation systems, termed as LLM-based RS. Current approaches generally…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Xiaohan Yu , Li Zhang , Xin Zhao , Yue Wang , Zhongrui Ma

We explore efficient strategies to fine-tune decoder-only Large Language Models (LLMs) for downstream text classification under resource constraints. Two approaches are investigated: (1) attaching a classification head to a pretrained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Amirhossein Yousefiramandi , Ciaran Cooney