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Security patch detection (SPD) is crucial for maintaining software security, as unpatched vulnerabilities can lead to severe security risks. In recent years, numerous learning-based SPD approaches have demonstrated promising results on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Qingyuan Li , Binchang Li , Cuiyun Gao , Shuzheng Gao , Zongjie Li

Millions of repetitive code snippets are submitted to code repositories every day. To search from these large codebases using simple natural language queries would allow programmers to ideate, prototype, and develop easier and faster.…

This paper presents an evaluation of the code representation model Code2vec when trained on the task of detecting security vulnerabilities in C source code. We leverage the open-source library astminer to extract path-contexts from the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-04 David Coimbra , Sofia Reis , Rui Abreu , Corina Păsăreanu , Hakan Erdogmus

Vulnerability fixes in open source software (OSS) usually follow the coordinated vulnerability disclosure model and are silently fixed. This delay can expose OSS users to risks as malicious parties might exploit the software before fixes…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Xu Yang , Shaowei Wang , Jiayuan Zhou , Xing Hu

In this paper, we propose a context-aware recommender system that models students' programming skills using embeddings of the source code they submit throughout a course. These embeddings predict students' skills across multiple programming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Carlos Eduardo P. Silva , João Pedro M. Sena , Julio C. S. Reis , André G. Santos , Lucas N. Ferreira

To discover the weaknesses of LLMs, researchers often embed prompts into a vector space and cluster them to extract insightful patterns. However, vector embeddings primarily capture topical similarity. As a result, prompts that share a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Neeladri Bhuiya , Shib Sankar Dasgupta , Andrew McCallum , Haw-Shiuan Chang

In this paper, we present a challenging code reasoning task: vulnerability detection. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising results in natural-language and math reasoning, but state-of-the-art (SOTA) models reported only 54.5%…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Benjamin Steenhoek , Md Mahbubur Rahman , Monoshi Kumar Roy , Mirza Sanjida Alam , Hengbo Tong , Swarna Das , Earl T. Barr , Wei Le

Binary code similarity detection is a core task in reverse engineering. It supports malware analysis and vulnerability discovery by identifying semantically similar code in different contexts. Modern methods have progressed from manually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Charles E. Gagnon , Steven H. H. Ding , Philippe Charland , Benjamin C. M. Fung

Recent advances in neural modeling for bug detection have been very promising. More specifically, using snippets of code to create continuous vectors or \textit{embeddings} has been shown to be very good at method name prediction and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Jón Arnar Briem , Jordi Smit , Hendrig Sellik , Pavel Rapoport

Statistical language modeling techniques have successfully been applied to source code, yielding a variety of new software development tools, such as tools for code suggestion and improving readability. A major issue with these techniques…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-03-15 Rafael-Michael Karampatsis , Charles Sutton

The advances of deep learning (DL) have paved the way for automatic software vulnerability repair approaches, which effectively learn the mapping from the vulnerable code to the fixed code. Nevertheless, existing DL-based vulnerability…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Xin Zhou , Kisub Kim , Bowen Xu , DongGyun Han , David Lo

Large pre-trained sentence encoders like BERT start a new chapter in natural language processing. A common practice to apply pre-trained BERT to sequence classification tasks (e.g., classification of sentences or sentence pairs) is by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Wenxuan Zhou , Junyi Du , Xiang Ren

Criminals use malware to disrupt cyber-systems. The number of these malware-vulnerable systems is increasing quickly as common systems, such as vehicles, routers, and lightbulbs, become increasingly interconnected cyber-systems. To address…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-07 Viktor Zenkov , Jason Laska

Vulnerability identification is crucial to protect the software systems from attacks for cyber security. It is especially important to localize the vulnerable functions among the source code to facilitate the fix. However, it is a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Yaqin Zhou , Shangqing Liu , Jingkai Siow , Xiaoning Du , Yang Liu

This study presents a hybrid deep learning architecture that integrates LSTM, CNN, and an Attention mechanism to enhance the classification of web content based on text. Pretrained GloVe embeddings are used to represent words as dense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Mykola Kuz , Ihor Lazarovych , Mykola Kozlenko , Mykola Pikuliak , Andrii Kvasniuk

This work introduces VERSE, a methodology for analyzing and improving Vision-Language Models applied to Visually-rich Document Understanding by exploring their visual embedding space. VERSE enables the visualization of latent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Ignacio de Rodrigo , Alvaro J. Lopez-Lopez , Jaime Boal

Various deep learning-based approaches utilizing pre-trained language models (PLMs) have been proposed for automated vulnerability detection. With recent advancements in large language models (LLMs), several studies have begun exploring…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Honglin Shu , Michael Fu , Junji Yu , Dong Wang , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Junjie Chen , Yasutaka Kamei

In this research, we study the change in the performance of machine learning (ML) classifiers when various linguistic preprocessing methods of a dataset were used, with the specific focus on linguistically-backed embeddings in Convolutional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Juuso Eronen , Michal Ptaszynski , Fumito Masui , Gniewosz Leliwa , Michal Wroczynski , Mateusz Piech , Aleksander Smywinski-Pohl

Code reuse is common in modern software development, but it can also spread vulnerabilities when developers unknowingly copy risky code. The code fragments that preserve the logic of known vulnerabilities are known as vulnerable code clones…

The rapid advancement of pre-trained language models (PLMs) has demonstrated promising results for various code-related tasks. However, their effectiveness in detecting real-world vulnerabilities remains a critical challenge. While existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Youpeng Li , Weiliang Qi , Xuyu Wang , Fuxun Yu , Xinda Wang