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Rings are the most frequently revealed substructure in ALMA dust observations of protoplanetary disks, but their origin is still hotly debated. In this paper, we identify dust substructures in 12 disks and measure their properties to…
Recent surveys have revealed that protoplanetary discs typically have dust masses that appear to be insufficient to account for the high occurrence rate of exoplanet systems. We demonstrate that this observed dust depletion is consistent…
Recent high-spatial-resolution observations have revealed dust substructures in protoplanetary disks such as rings and gaps, which do not always correlate with gas. Because radial gas flow induced by low-mass, non-gas-gap-opening planets…
Context. Multiple mechanisms are known to give rise to turbulence in protoplanetary disks, which facilitates the accretion onto the central star. Small dust particles that are well coupled to the gas undergo diffusion due to this turbulent…
Characterizing the physical properties of dust grains in a protoplanetary disk is critical to comprehending the planet formation process. Our study presents ALMA high-resolution observations of the young protoplanetary disk around DG Tau at…
Aims. The initial stages of planet formation may start concurrently with the formation of a gas-dust protoplanetary disk. This makes the study of the earliest stages of protoplanetary disk formation crucially important. Here we focus on…
We investigate the formation and evolution of "primordial" dusty rings occurring in the inner regions of protoplanetary discs, with the help of long-term, coupled dust-gas, magnetohydrodynamic simulations. The simulations are global and…
Scattering of re-emitted flux is considered to be at least partially responsible for the observed polarisation in the (sub-)millimetre wavelength range of several protoplanetary disks. Although the degree of polarisation produced by…
Discs of gas and dust are ubiquitous around protostars. Hypothetical disc viscosity is thought to cause the gas and dust to accrete onto the star. Turbulence within the disc might be the source of this disc viscosity. However, observed…
High dust density in the midplane of protoplanetary disks is favorable for efficient grain growth and can allow fast formation of planetesimals and planets, before disks dissipate. Vertical settling and dust trapping in pressure maxima are…
Interstellar dust plays a central role in the evolution of galaxies by shaping star formation, altering observed stellar properties, and redistributing radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum. In the Milky Way, dust is concentrated in…
We review the properties of dust in protoplanetary disks around optically visible pre-main sequence stars obtained with a variety of observational techniques, from measurements of scattered light at visual and infrared wavelengths to…
The vertical settling of dust grains in a circumstellar disk, characterized by their scale height, is a pivotal process in the formation of planets. This study offers in-depth analysis and modeling of the radial scale height profile of dust…
We investigate the dynamics of dust concentration in actively accreting, substructured, non-ideal MHD wind-launching disks using 2D and 3D simulations incorporating pressureless dust fluids of various grain sizes and their aerodynamic…
The radial drift and diffusion of dust particles in protoplanetary disks affect both the opacity and temperature of such disks as well as the location and timing of planetesimal formation. In this paper, we present results of numerical…
The crucial initial step in planet formation is the agglomeration of micron-sized dust into macroscopic aggregates. This phase is likely to happen very early during the protostellar disc formation, which is characterised by active gas…
As the earliest stage of planet formation, massive, optically thick, and gas rich protoplanetary disks provide key insights into the physics of star and planet formation. When viewed edge-on, high resolution images offer a unique…
Dust is known to drift and grow in protoplanetary discs, which results in dust segregation over the disc extent. Maps of the spectral index $\alpha$ are a common tool for studying the dust content in protoplanetary discs. The analysis of…
Substructures such as rings, gaps, and cavities are commonly observed in protoplanetary discs and are thought to play a key role in dust evolution and planet formation. However, a fraction of the extended discs (68% dust radii > 30 AU) in…
It is known that the millimeter dust thermal emission of protoplanetary disks is affected by scattering, such that for optically thick disks the emission decreases with respect to the pure absorption case and the spectral indices can reach…