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Large language models (LLMs) have shown significant progress in reasoning tasks. However, recent studies show that transformers and LLMs fail catastrophically once reasoning problems exceed modest complexity. We revisit these findings…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Revanth Rameshkumar , Jimson Huang , Yunxin Sun , Fei Xia , Abulhair Saparov

Recent advances in test-time scaling have enabled Large Language Models (LLMs) to display sophisticated reasoning abilities via extended Chain-of-Thought (CoT) generation. Despite their potential, these Reasoning LLMs (RLMs) often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Zhen Xiong , Yujun Cai , Zhecheng Li , Yiwei Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various domains. However, they still face significant challenges, including high computational costs for training and limitations in solving complex reasoning problems.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Hang Gao , Chenhao Zhang , Tie Wang , Junsuo Zhao , Fengge Wu , Changwen Zheng , Huaping Liu

We devise an algorithm to generate propositions that objectively instantiate graphs supporting coherence-driven inference. We also benchmark the ability of large language models (LLMs) to reconstruct coherence graphs from (a simple…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Steve Huntsman , Jewell Thomas

Large Language Models are increasingly used by students to explore advanced material in computer science, including graph theory. As these tools become integrated into undergraduate and graduate coursework, it is important to understand how…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Adithya Kulkarni , Mohna Chakraborty , Jay Bagga

This paper introduces GraphOmni, a comprehensive benchmark designed to evaluate the reasoning capabilities of LLMs on graph-theoretic tasks articulated in natural language. GraphOmni encompasses diverse graph types, serialization formats,…

Knowing the reliability of a model's response is essential in practical applications. Given the strong generation capabilities of large language models (LLMs), research has focused on generating verbalized confidence. This approach is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Ante Wang , Weizhi Ma , Yang Liu

Understanding the uncertainty in large language model (LLM) explanations is important for evaluating their faithfulness and reasoning consistency, and thus provides insights into the reliability of LLM's output regarding a question. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Longchao Da , Xiaoou Liu , Jiaxin Dai , Lu Cheng , Yaqing Wang , Hua Wei

Large language models (LLMs) typically improve performance by either retrieving semantically similar information, or enhancing reasoning abilities through structured prompts like chain-of-thought. While both strategies are considered…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Yejin Kim , Eojin Kang , Juae Kim , H. Howie Huang

While large language models (LLMs) improve performance by explicit reasoning, their responses are often overconfident, even though they include linguistic expressions demonstrating uncertainty. In this work, we identify what linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Shintaro Ozaki , Wataru Hashimoto , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Katsuhiko Hayashi , Taro Watanabe

Advances in the general capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have led to their use for information retrieval, and as components in automated decision systems. A faithful representation of probabilistic reasoning in these models may…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Gabriel Freedman , Francesca Toni

The adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) is rapidly expanding across various tasks that involve inherent graphical structures. Graphs are integral to a wide range of applications, including motion planning for autonomous vehicles,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Piyush Gupta , Sangjae Bae , David Isele

With the rapidly improving reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), there is also a rising demand to use them in a wide variety of domains. This brings about the need to carefully evaluate the limits of the capabilities of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Sunil Kumar Maurya , Xin Liu

Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting is a common technique for improving the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). However, extended reasoning is often unnecessary and substantially increases token usage. As such, a key question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Samuel Lewis-Lim , Xingwei Tan , Zhixue Zhao , Nikolaos Aletras

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at addressing straightforward reasoning tasks, they frequently struggle with difficulties when confronted by more complex multi-step reasoning due to a range of factors. Firstly, natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Kewei Cheng , Nesreen K. Ahmed , Theodore Willke , Yizhou Sun

Recommendation systems aim to provide users with relevant suggestions, but often lack interpretability and fail to capture higher-level semantic relationships between user behaviors and profiles. In this paper, we propose a novel approach…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Yan Wang , Zhixuan Chu , Xin Ouyang , Simeng Wang , Hongyan Hao , Yue Shen , Jinjie Gu , Siqiao Xue , James Y Zhang , Qing Cui , Longfei Li , Jun Zhou , Sheng Li

Building causal graphs can be a laborious process. To ensure all relevant causal pathways have been captured, researchers often have to discuss with clinicians and experts while also reviewing extensive relevant medical literature. By…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Stephanie Long , Tibor Schuster , Alexandre Piché

While large language models (LLMs) are proficient at question-answering (QA), it is not always clear how (or even if) an answer follows from their latent "beliefs". This lack of interpretability is a growing impediment to widespread use of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Nora Kassner , Oyvind Tafjord , Ashish Sabharwal , Kyle Richardson , Hinrich Schuetze , Peter Clark

Despite the strong reasoning ability of large language models~(LLMs), they are prone to errors and hallucinations. As a result, how to check their outputs effectively and efficiently has become a critical problem in their applications.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Jiayu Liu , Wei Dai , Zhenya Huang , Ning Miao , Enhong Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have received increasing attention. However, due to the complexity of its capabilities, how to rationally evaluate the capabilities of LLMs is still a task to be solved. We propose the RoCar method, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Ming Wang , Wenfang Wu , Chongyun Gao , Daling Wang , Shi Feng , Yifei Zhang