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Recently, advanced large language models (LLMs) have emerged at an increasingly rapid pace. However, when faced with complex problems, most users are often unable to provide accurate and effective prompts to interact with LLMs, thus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Wenjin Liu , Haoran Luo , Xueyuan Lin , Haoming Liu , Tiesunlong Shen , Jiapu Wang , Rui Mao , Erik Cambria

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities via large-scale reinforcement learning (RL). However, leveraging the RL algorithm to empower effective multi-tool collaborative reasoning in LLMs remains an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Guanting Dong , Yifei Chen , Xiaoxi Li , Jiajie Jin , Hongjin Qian , Yutao Zhu , Hangyu Mao , Guorui Zhou , Zhicheng Dou , Ji-Rong Wen

Efficiently acquiring external knowledge and up-to-date information is essential for effective reasoning and text generation in large language models (LLMs). Prompting advanced LLMs with reasoning capabilities to use search engines during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Bowen Jin , Hansi Zeng , Zhenrui Yue , Jinsung Yoon , Sercan Arik , Dong Wang , Hamed Zamani , Jiawei Han

Recently DeepSeek R1 has shown that reinforcement learning (RL) can substantially improve the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) through a simple yet effective design. The core of R1 lies in its rule-based reward…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Haozhan Shen , Peng Liu , Jingcheng Li , Chunxin Fang , Yibo Ma , Jiajia Liao , Qiaoli Shen , Zilun Zhang , Kangjia Zhao , Qianqian Zhang , Ruochen Xu , Tiancheng Zhao

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated its capability in solving various tasks but is notorious for its low sample efficiency. In this paper, we propose RLingua, a framework that can leverage the internal knowledge of large language…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Liangliang Chen , Yutian Lei , Shiyu Jin , Ying Zhang , Liangjun Zhang

In recent years, general-purpose large language models (LLMs) such as GPT, Gemini, Claude, and DeepSeek have advanced at an unprecedented pace. Despite these achievements, their application to finance remains challenging, due to fragmented…

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at reasoning and generation but are inherently limited by static pretraining data, resulting in factual inaccuracies and weak adaptability to new information. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Qi Luo , Xiaonan Li , Yuxin Wang , Tingshuo Fan , Yuan Li , Xinchi Chen , Xipeng Qiu

Recently, deep reasoning large language models(LLMs) like DeepSeek-R1 have made significant progress in tasks such as mathematics and coding. Inspired by this, several studies have employed reinforcement learning(RL) to enhance models' deep…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Zheng Li , Mao Zheng , Mingyang Song , Wenjie Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs), when enhanced through reasoning-oriented post-training, evolve into powerful Large Reasoning Models (LRMs). Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) further extends their capabilities by incorporating external tools,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Yifan Wei , Xiaoyan Yu , Yixuan Weng , Tengfei Pan , Angsheng Li , Li Du

Practical guidance on training Large Language Models (LLMs) to leverage Code Interpreter across diverse tasks remains lacking. We present R1-Code-Interpreter, an extension of a text-only LLM trained via multi-turn supervised fine-tuning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Yongchao Chen , Yueying Liu , Junwei Zhou , Yilun Hao , Jingquan Wang , Yang Zhang , Na Li , Chuchu Fan

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming the foundation for autonomous agents that can use tools to solve complex tasks. Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a common approach for injecting such agentic capabilities, but typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Emre Can Acikgoz , Cheng Qian , Jonas Hübotter , Heng Ji , Dilek Hakkani-Tür , Gokhan Tur

Existing Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have shown the potential of reinforcement learning (RL) to enhance the complex reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models~(LLMs). While they achieve remarkable performance on challenging tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Huatong Song , Jinhao Jiang , Yingqian Min , Jie Chen , Zhipeng Chen , Wayne Xin Zhao , Lei Fang , Ji-Rong Wen

Tool learning aims to enhance and expand large language models' (LLMs) capabilities with external tools, which has gained significant attention recently. Current methods have shown that LLMs can effectively handle a certain amount of tools…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Qiancheng Xu , Yongqi Li , Heming Xia , Wenjie Li

With extensive pre-trained knowledge and high-level general capabilities, large language models (LLMs) emerge as a promising avenue to augment reinforcement learning (RL) in aspects such as multi-task learning, sample efficiency, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Yuji Cao , Huan Zhao , Yuheng Cheng , Ting Shu , Yue Chen , Guolong Liu , Gaoqi Liang , Junhua Zhao , Jinyue Yan , Yun Li

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) often undergo supervised fine-tuning (SFT) to acquire tool use capabilities. However, SFT struggles to generalize to unfamiliar or complex tool use scenarios. Recent advancements in reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Cheng Qian , Emre Can Acikgoz , Qi He , Hongru Wang , Xiusi Chen , Dilek Hakkani-Tür , Gokhan Tur , Heng Ji

While reasoning models (e.g., DeepSeek R1) trained with reinforcement learning (RL), excel in textual reasoning, they struggle in scenarios requiring structured problem-solving, such as geometric reasoning, concise computation, or complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Jiazhan Feng , Shijue Huang , Xingwei Qu , Ge Zhang , Yujia Qin , Baoquan Zhong , Chengquan Jiang , Jinxin Chi , Wanjun Zhong

Large language models (LLMs)-empowered web agents enables automating complex, real-time web navigation tasks in enterprise environments. However, existing web agents relying on supervised fine-tuning (SFT) often struggle with generalization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yuchen Zhuang , Di Jin , Jiaao Chen , Wenqi Shi , Hanrui Wang , Chao Zhang

Reinforcement Learning Finetuning (RFT) has significantly advanced the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by enabling long chains of thought, self-correction, and effective tool use. While recent works attempt to extend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Mingyuan Wu , Jingcheng Yang , Jize Jiang , Meitang Li , Kaizhuo Yan , Hanchao Yu , Minjia Zhang , Chengxiang Zhai , Klara Nahrstedt

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities but lack robust temporal intelligence, struggling to integrate reasoning about the past with predictions and plausible generations of the future. Meanwhile, existing methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Zijia Liu , Peixuan Han , Haofei Yu , Haoru Li , Jiaxuan You

We propose Rec-R1, a general reinforcement learning framework that bridges large language models (LLMs) with recommendation systems through closed-loop optimization. Unlike prompting and supervised fine-tuning (SFT), Rec-R1 directly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jiacheng Lin , Tian Wang , Kun Qian
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