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It is advantageous for any quantum processor to support different classes of two-qubit quantum logic gates when compiling quantum circuits, a property that is typically not seen with existing platforms. In particular, access to a gate set…

The impressive pace of advance of quantum technology calls for robust and scalable techniques for the characterization and validation of quantum hardware. Quantum process tomography, the reconstruction of an unknown quantum channel from…

The experimental implementation of selective quantum process tomography (SQPT) involves computing individual elements of the process matrix with the help of a special set of states called quantum 2-design states. However, the number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-12 Akshay Gaikwad , Krishna Shende , Arvind , Kavita Dorai

In recent developments, deep learning methodologies applied to Natural Language Processing (NLP) have revealed a paradox: They improve performance but demand considerable data and resources for their training. Alternatively, quantum…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Farha Nausheen , Khandakar Ahmed , M Imad Khan , Farina Riaz

The implementation of a quantum router capable of performing both quantum signal routing and quantum addressing (a Q2-router) represents a key step toward building quantum networks and quantum random access memories. We realize a Q2-router…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-07 Connie Miao , Sébastien Léger , Ziqian Li , Gideon Lee , Liang Jiang , David I. Schuster

Rapid advancement in the domain of quantum technologies has opened up researchers to the real possibility of experimenting with quantum circuits and simulating small-scale quantum programs. Nevertheless, the quality of currently available…

In the present paper methods and algorithms of modeling quantum operations for quantum computer integrated circuits design are developed. We examine different ways of quantum operation descriptions, including operator-sums, unitary…

A common requirement of quantum simulations and algorithms is the preparation of complex states through sequences of 2-qubit gates. For a generic quantum state, the number of gates grows exponentially with the number of qubits, becoming…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-08 Matan Ben Dov , David Shnaiderov , Adi Makmal , Emanuele G. Dalla Torre

Efficiently characterizing large quantum states and processes is a central yet notoriously challenging task in quantum information science, as conventional tomography methods typically require resources that grow exponentially with system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Chenyang Li , Shengxin Zhuang , Yukun Zhang , Jingbo B. Wang , Xiao Yuan , Yusen Wu , Chuan Wang

As the field of quantum computing grows, novel algorithms which take advantage of quantum phenomena need to be developed. As we are currently in the NISQ (noisy intermediate scale quantum) era, quantum algorithm researchers cannot reliably…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-28 Youssef Moawad , Andrew Brown , René Steijl , Wim Vanderbauwhede

Circuit knitting emerges as a promising technique to overcome the limitation of the few physical qubits in near-term quantum hardware by cutting large quantum circuits into smaller subcircuits. Recent research in this area has been…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Xiangyu Ren , Mengyu Zhang , Antonio Barbalace

Quantum algorithms on near-term quantum processors are typically executed using shallow quantum circuits composed of one- and two-qubit gates. However, as circuit depth and gate number increase, gate imperfections and qubit decoherence…

Translating a general quantum circuit on a specific hardware topology with a reduced set of available gates, also known as transpilation, comes with a substantial increase in the length of the equivalent circuit. Due to decoherence, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Bodo Rosenhahn , Tobias J. Osborne , Christoph Hirche

While the ability to build quantum computers is improving dramatically, developing quantum algorithms is limited and relies on human insight and ingenuity. Although a number of quantum programming languages have been developed, it is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Kentaro Murakami , Jianjun Zhao

Quantum computing promises breakthroughs in simulating and solving complex, classically intractable problems. However, current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices are relatively small and error-prone, prohibiting large-scale…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Gary J Mooney

Rapid development in quantum computing leads to the appearance of several quantum applications. Quantum Fourier Transformation (QFT) sits at the heart of many of these applications. Existing work leverages SAT solver or heuristics to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-22 Yuwei Jin , Xiangyu Gao , Minghao Guo , Henry Chen , Fei Hua , Chi Zhang , Eddy Z. Zhang

We propose a scheme to implement quantum controlled SWAP gates by directing single-photon pulses to a two-sided cavity with a single trapped atom. The resultant gates can be used to realize quantum fingerprinting and universal photonic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 B. Wang , L. -M. Duan

Quantum hashing is a useful technique that allows us to construct memory-efficient algorithms and secure quantum protocols. First, we present a circuit that implements the phase form of quantum hashing using $2^{n-1}$ CNOT gates, where n is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-10 Ilnar Zinnatullin , Kamil Khadiev

Controlling the flow of quantum information is a fundamental task for quantum computers, which is unfeasible to realize on classical devices. Coherent devices which can process quantum states are thus required to route the quantum states…

An emerging direction of quantum computing is to establish meaningful quantum applications in various fields of artificial intelligence, including natural language processing (NLP). Although some efforts based on syntactic analysis have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-29 Guangxi Li , Xuanqiang Zhao , Xin Wang