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Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV QKD) protocols with discrete modulation are interesting due to their experimental simplicity and their great potential for massive deployment in the quantum-secured networks, but their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-01 Jie Lin , Twesh Upadhyaya , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) is considered to be an alternative to classical cryptography for secure communication. However, its transmission distance is restricted to metropolitan areas, given that it is affected by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-12 Jian Zhou , Duan Huang , Ying Guo

Most quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols can be classified as either a discrete-variable (DV) protocol or continuous-variable (CV) protocol, based on how classical information is being encoded. We propose a protocol that combines the…

Satellite-based quantum cryptography has already been demonstrated using discrete variable technology. Nonetheless, there is great interest in using weak coherent pulses to perform quantum key distribution (QKD) in the continuous variable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-04 Eduardo Villaseñor , Robert Malaney , Kerry A. Mudge , Kenneth J. Grant

Cluster states are multipartite entangled states that are maximally connected and resilient to decoherence, making them valuable resources for quantum information processing. Continuous-variable (CV) cluster states have been extensively…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 A. Govindarajan , M. Mazzei , H. Wang , L. Tian

We propose a frequency-division multiplexed (FDM) continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) system with enhanced spectral efficiency through dense multiplexing of low-symbol-rate signals. A four-channel 10-Mbaud FDM-CV-QKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Jahyeok Han , Donghyeok Le , Minseok Ryu , Syed Assad , Yong-Su Kim , Sunghyun Bae

In the Gaussian-modulated coherent states (GMCS) quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol, Alice prepares quantum states \emph{actively}: for each transmission, Alice generates a pair of Gaussian-distributed random numbers, encodes them on a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-24 Bing Qi , Philip G. Evans , Warren Grice

A quantum key distribution (QKD) system must fulfill the requirement of universal composability to ensure that any cryptographic application (using the QKD system) is also secure. Furthermore, the theoretical proof responsible for security…

Time-bin encoding is an attractive method for transmitting photonic qubits over long distances with minimal decoherence. It allows a simple receiver for quantum key distribution (QKD) that extracts a key by measuring time of arrival of…

The focus of this work is on the design of Raptor codes for continuous variable Quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) systems. We design a highly efficient Raptor code for very low signal to noise ratios (SNRs), which enables CV-QKD systems to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Mahyar Shirvanimoghaddam , Sarah J. Johnson , Andrew M. Lance

This paper deals with an optimal control problem associated to the Kuramoto model describing the dynamical behavior of a network of coupled oscillators. Our aim is to design a suitable control function allowing us to steer the system to a…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2020-05-15 Umberto Biccari , Enrique Zuazua

Most continuous-variable quantum key distribution schemes are based on the Gaussian modulation of coherent states followed by continuous quadrature detection using homodyne detectors. In all previous schemes, the Gaussian modulation has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-06 Tobias Gehring , Christian S. Jacobsen , Ulrik L. Andersen

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) using a true local (located at the receiver) oscillator (LO) has been proposed to remove any possibility of side-channel attacks associated with transmission of the LO as well as reduce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-16 Brian P. Williams , Bing Qi , Muneer Alshowkan , Philip G. Evans , Nicholas A. Peters

Quantum continuous variables are being explored as an alternative means to implement quantum key distribution, which is usually based on single photon counting. The former approach is potentially advantageous because it should enable higher…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 F. Grosshans , G. Van Assche , J. Wenger , R. Brouri , N. J. Cerf , Ph. Grangier

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) relies on quantum communication to allow distant parties to share a secure cryptographic key. Widespread adoption of QKD in current telecommunication networks will require the development of simple, low cost…

We investigate quantum key distribution (QKD) in optical multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) settings. Such settings can prove useful in dealing with harsh channel conditions as in, e.g., satellite-based QKD. We study a $2\times2$ setting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-23 Shradhanjali Sahu , Ahmed Lawey , Mohsen Razavi

We propose a simplified measurement scheme for a Gaussian modulated coherent state (GMCS) protocol for continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD), utilizing homodyne detection without quadrature switching. The reference frame of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Vinod N. Rao , Emma Tien Hwai Medlock , Timothy Spiller , Rupesh Kumar

Random number generation is an enabling technology for fields as varied as Monte Carlo simulations and quantum information science. An important application is a secure quantum key distribution (QKD) system; here, we propose and demonstrate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-05 Qiang Zhou , Raju Valivarthi , Caleb John , Wolfgang Tittel

We consider a general family of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols utilizing displaced thermal states with discretized modulations. Separating the effects of the Gaussian channel and the non-Gaussian distribution, we have studied the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-01 Mikhail Erementchouk , Pinaki Mazumder

We investigate a decoy-state quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme with a sub-Poissonian single-photon source, which is generated on demand by scattering a coherent state off a two-level system in a one-dimensional waveguide. We show that,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-02-22 Huaixiu Zheng , Daniel J. Gauthier , Harold U. Baranger