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In this article a surprising result is demonstrated using the neural tangent kernel. This kernel is defined as the inner product of the vector of the gradient of an underlying model evaluated at training points. This kernel is used to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Matt Calder

We explore the equivalence between neural networks and kernel methods by deriving the first exact representation of any finite-size parametric classification model trained with gradient descent as a kernel machine. We compare our exact…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Brian Bell , Michael Geyer , David Glickenstein , Amanda Fernandez , Juston Moore

A major factor in the success of deep neural networks is the use of sophisticated architectures rather than the classical multilayer perceptron (MLP). Residual networks (ResNets) stand out among these powerful modern architectures. Previous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Tom Tirer , Joan Bruna , Raja Giryes

Recent theoretical work has shown that massively overparameterized neural networks are equivalent to kernel regressors that use Neural Tangent Kernels(NTK). Experiments show that these kernel methods perform similarly to real neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Amnon Geifman , Abhay Yadav , Yoni Kasten , Meirav Galun , David Jacobs , Ronen Basri

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have lately received great attention thanks to their flexibility in tackling a wide range of forward and inverse problems involving partial differential equations. However, despite their noticeable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-30 Sifan Wang , Xinling Yu , Paris Perdikaris

While random Fourier features are a classic tool in kernel methods, their utility as a pre-processing step for deep learning on tabular data has been largely overlooked. Motivated by shortcomings in tabular deep learning pipelines -…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Renat Sergazinov , Jing Wu , Shao-An Yin

This paper presents two models of neural-networks and their training applicable to neural networks of arbitrary width, depth and topology, assuming only finite-energy neural activations; and a novel representor theory for neural networks in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-27 Alistair Shilton , Sunil Gupta , Santu Rana , Svetha Venkatesh

Fisher information matrices and neural tangent kernels (NTK) for 2-layer ReLU networks with random hidden weight are argued. We discuss the relation between both notions as a linear transformation and show that spectral decomposition of NTK…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Jun'ichi Takeuchi , Yoshinari Takeishi , Noboru Murata , Kazushi Mimura , Ka Long Keith Ho , Hiroshi Nagaoka

This work presents a novel hybrid approach that integrates Deep Operator Networks (DeepONet) with the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) to solve complex inverse problem. The method effectively addresses tasks such as source localization governed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yuhao Fang , Zijian Wang , Yao Lu , Ye Zhang , Chun Li

Neural networks are known for their ability to approximate smooth functions, yet they fail to generalize perfectly to unseen inputs when trained on discrete operations. Such operations lie at the heart of algorithmic tasks such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Artur Back de Luca , George Giapitzakis , Kimon Fountoulakis

The underlying mechanism of neural networks in capturing precise knowledge has been the subject of consistent research efforts. In this work, we propose a theoretical approach based on Neural Tangent Kernels (NTKs) to investigate such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Xiaobing Sun , Jiaxi Li , Wei Lu

A biological neural network in the cortex forms a neural field. Neurons in the field have their own receptive fields, and connection weights between two neurons are random but highly correlated when they are in close proximity in receptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Kaito Watanabe , Kotaro Sakamoto , Ryo Karakida , Sho Sonoda , Shun-ichi Amari

Neural tangent kernel (NTK) is a powerful tool to analyze training dynamics of neural networks and their generalization bounds. The study on NTK has been devoted to typical neural network architectures, but it is incomplete for neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Yongtao Wu , Zhenyu Zhu , Fanghui Liu , Grigorios G Chrysos , Volkan Cevher

In wireless communications, estimation of channels in OFDM systems spans frequency and time, which relies on sparse collections of pilot data, posing an ill-posed inverse problem. Moreover, deep learning estimators require large amounts of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Mohammed Mallik , Guillaume Villemaud

We introduce torchNTK, a python library to calculate the empirical neural tangent kernel (NTK) of neural network models in the PyTorch framework. We provide an efficient method to calculate the NTK of multilayer perceptrons. We compare the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Andrew Engel , Zhichao Wang , Anand D. Sarwate , Sutanay Choudhury , Tony Chiang

As its width tends to infinity, a deep neural network's behavior under gradient descent can become simplified and predictable (e.g. given by the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK)), if it is parametrized appropriately (e.g. the NTK…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Greg Yang , Edward J. Hu

We present a novel neural network Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) statistic by identifying a new connection between neural tangent kernel (NTK) and MMD. This connection enables us to develop a computationally efficient and memory-efficient…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-19 Xiuyuan Cheng , Yao Xie

Empirical neural tangent kernels (eNTKs) can provide a good understanding of a given network's representation: they are often far less expensive to compute and applicable more broadly than infinite width NTKs. For networks with O output…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-08 Mohamad Amin Mohamadi , Wonho Bae , Danica J. Sutherland

Quantum kernel method is one of the key approaches to quantum machine learning, which has the advantages that it does not require optimization and has theoretical simplicity. By virtue of these properties, several experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-28 Norihito Shirai , Kenji Kubo , Kosuke Mitarai , Keisuke Fujii

Many deep learning tasks have to deal with graphs (e.g., protein structures, social networks, source code abstract syntax trees). Due to the importance of these tasks, people turned to Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) as the de facto method for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Shunhua Jiang , Yunze Man , Zhao Song , Zheng Yu , Danyang Zhuo
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