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We present a fully nonparametric method to estimate the value function, via simulation, in the context of expected infinite-horizon discounted rewards for Markov chains. Estimating such value functions plays an important role in approximate…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-12-30 Mohammad Mousavi , Peter W. Glynn

We consider the problem of sketching set valuation functions, defined as the expectation of a valuation function applied to independent random item values. For valuation functions that are monotone and either subadditive or submodular, and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-11 Milan Vojnović , Yiliu Wang

Attention is a core component of transformer architecture, whether encoder-only, decoder-only, or encoder-decoder model. However, the standard softmax attention often produces noisy probability distribution, which can impair effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Dhananjay Ram , Wei Xia , Stefano Soatto

We revise the problem of extracting one independent component from an instantaneous linear mixture of signals. The mixing matrix is parameterized by two vectors, one column of the mixing matrix and one row of the de-mixing matrix. The…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-01-30 Zbyněk Koldovský , Petr Tichavský

Maximum entropy modeling is a flexible and popular framework for formulating statistical models given partial knowledge. In this paper, rather than the traditional method of optimizing over the continuous density directly, we learn a smooth…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-05-01 Gabriel Loaiza-Ganem , Yuanjun Gao , John P. Cunningham

Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of latent variable models is often recast as the minimization of a free energy functional over an extended space of parameters and probability distributions. This perspective was recently combined with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Jen Ning Lim , Juan Kuntz , Samuel Power , Adam M. Johansen

Suppose an $n \times d$ design matrix in a linear regression problem is given, but the response for each point is hidden unless explicitly requested. The goal is to sample only a small number $k \ll n$ of the responses, and then produce a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-06 Michał Dereziński , Manfred K. Warmuth , Daniel Hsu

Maximum likelihood estimation of large Markov-switching vector autoregressions (MS-VARs) can be challenging or infeasible due to parameter proliferation. To accommodate situations where dimensionality may be of comparable order to or…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-07-28 Kenwin Maung

The maximum likelihood method offers a standard way to estimate the three parameters of a generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. Combined with the block maxima method, it is often used in practice to assess the extreme value index…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-01-24 Clément Dombry

Factor analysis, a classical multivariate statistical technique is popularly used as a fundamental tool for dimensionality reduction in statistics, econometrics and data science. Estimation is often carried out via the Maximum Likelihood…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-01-19 Koulik Khamaru , Rahul Mazumder

This paper proposes a new method of bandwidth selection in kernel estimation of density and distribution functions motivated by the connection between maximisation of the entropy of probability integral transforms and maximum likelihood in…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-07-14 Vitaliy Oryshchenko

Paper [1] derived the probability density function (PDF) of a sum of products of two correlated complex Gaussian zero-mean random variables (RVs) that has been applied to calculate the error probabilities of a \emph{M}-ary phase shift…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-09 Trung-Hien Nguyen , Jerome Louveaux , Philippe De Doncker , Francois Horlin

This paper investigates a function of macroscopic variables known as the singular potential, building on previous work by Ball and Majumdar. The singular potential is a function of the admissible statistical averages of probability…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-07-18 Jamie M. Taylor

A key obstacle in automated analytics and meta-learning is the inability to recognize when different datasets contain measurements of the same variable. Because provided attribute labels are often uninformative in practice, this task may be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Jonas Mueller , Alex Smola

Missing data occur in a variety of applications of extreme value analysis. In the block maxima approach to an extreme value analysis, missingness is often handled by either ignoring missing observations or dropping a block of observations…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-05 James H. McVittie , Orla A. Murphy

We describe a maximum entropy approach for computing volumes and counting integer points in polyhedra. To estimate the number of points from a particular set X in R^n in a polyhedron P in R^n, by solving a certain entropy maximization…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-07-15 Alexander Barvinok , John Hartigan

Entropy rate of sequential data-streams naturally quantifies the complexity of the generative process. Thus entropy rate fluctuations could be used as a tool to recognize dynamical perturbations in signal sources, and could potentially be…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-03-24 Ishanu Chattopadhyay , Hod Lipson

The softmax function is a fundamental building block of deep neural networks, commonly used to define output distributions in classification tasks or attention weights in transformer architectures. Despite its widespread use and proven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Wojciech Masarczyk , Mateusz Ostaszewski , Tin Sum Cheng , Tomasz Trzciński , Aurelien Lucchi , Razvan Pascanu

When an expert operates a perilous dynamic system, ideal constraint information is tacitly contained in their demonstrated trajectories and controls. The likelihood of these demonstrations can be computed, given the system dynamics and task…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-26 David L. McPherson , Kaylene C. Stocking , S. Shankar Sastry

Markov decision models (MDM) used in practical applications are most often less complex than the underlying `true' MDM. The reduction of model complexity is performed for several reasons. However, it is obviously of interest to know what…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-09-18 Patrick Kern , Axel Simroth , Henryk Zähle