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We consider the use of Gaussian Processes (GPs) or Neural Networks (NNs) to numerically approximate the solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) with rough forcing or source terms, which commonly arise as pathwise…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-31 Ricardo Baptista , Edoardo Calvello , Matthieu Darcy , Houman Owhadi , Andrew M. Stuart , Xianjin Yang

Traditional Monte Carlo integration using uniform random sampling exhibits degraded efficiency in low-regularity or high-dimensional problems. We propose a novel deep learning framework based on deterministic number-theoretic sampling…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-03 Yu Yang , Pingan He , Xiaoling Peng , Qiaolin He

This study presents a discrete physics-informed neural network (dPINN) framework, enhanced with enforced interface constraints (EIC), for modeling physical systems using the domain decomposition method (DDM). Built upon finite element-style…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Jichao Yin , Mingxuan Li , Jianguang Fang , Hu Wang

We introduce Structure Informed Neural Networks (SINNs), a novel method for solving boundary observation problems involving PDEs. The SINN methodology is a data-driven framework for creating approximate solutions to internal variables on…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-10-31 Jakub Horsky , Andrew Wynn

Non-linear convection-reaction-diffusion (CRD) partial differential equations (PDEs) are crucial for modeling complex phenomena in fields such as biology, ecology, population dynamics, physics, and engineering. Numerical approximation of…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-05-06 Fardous Hasan , Hazrat Ali , Hasan Asyari Arief

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) offer a mesh-free framework for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), yet training often suffers from gradient pathologies, spectral bias, and poor convergence, especially for problems with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Jianan Yang , Yiran Wang , Shuai Li , Fujun Cao , Xuefei Yan , Junmin Liu

This paper introduces a novel approach to solve inverse problems by leveraging deep learning techniques. The objective is to infer unknown parameters that govern a physical system based on observed data. We focus on scenarios where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Sidney Besnard , Frédéric Jurie , Jalal M. Fadili

This work proposes a Physics-informed Neural Network framework with Graph Embedding (GPINN) to perform PINN in graph, i.e. topological space instead of traditional Euclidean space, for improved problem-solving efficiency. The method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Yuyang Miao , Haolin Li

We present a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) to simulate the thermochemical evolution of a composite material on a tool undergoing cure in an autoclave. In particular, we solve the governing coupled system of differential equations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Sina Amini Niaki , Ehsan Haghighat , Trevor Campbell , Anoush Poursartip , Reza Vaziri

Differential equations are indispensable to engineering and hence to innovation. In recent years, physics-informed neural networks (PINN) have emerged as a novel method for solving differential equations. PINN method has the advantage of…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-01-07 Mayank Raj , Pramod Kumbhar , Ratna Kumar Annabattula

Physics-informed Neural Network (PINN) is a promising tool that has been applied in a variety of physical phenomena described by partial differential equations (PDE). However, it has been observed that PINNs are difficult to train in…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-07-19 E. J. R. Coutinho , M. Dall'Aqua , L. McClenny , M. Zhong , U. Braga-Neto , E. Gildin

The application of deep learning methods to speed up the resolution of challenging power flow problems has recently shown very encouraging results. However, power system dynamics are not snap-shot, steady-state operations. These dynamics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Mostafa Mohammadian , Kyri Baker , Ferdinando Fioretto

In this paper, we propose a novel Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) framework based on the Cord\`{e}s condition for solving both linear and fully nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) in non-divergence form, together with…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Bingcheng Hu , Lixiang Jin , Zhaoxiang Li

This work considers stochastic Galerkin approximations of linear elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs) with stochastic forcing terms and stochastic diffusion coefficients, that cannot be bounded uniformly away from zero and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-12 Fabio Musco , Andrea Barth

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) often struggle with multi-scale PDEs featuring sharp gradients and nontrivial boundary conditions, as the physics residual and boundary enforcement compete during optimization. We present a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-01 Naseem Abbas , Vittorio Colao , Davide Macri , William Spataro

Parametric partial differential equations (PDEs) are fundamental for modeling a wide range of physical and engineering systems influenced by uncertain or varying parameters. Traditional neural network-based solvers, such as Physics-Informed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Qiuqi Li , Yiting Liu , Jin Zhao , Wencan Zhu

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are an increasingly powerful way to solve partial differential equations, generate digital twins, and create neural surrogates of physical models. In this manuscript we detail the inner workings of…

Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have frequently been used for the numerical approximation of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). The goal of this paper is to construct PINNs along with a computable upper bound of the error,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-12-19 Lewin Ernst , Karsten Urban

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have attracted significant attention for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) in recent years because they alleviate the curse of dimensionality that appears in traditional methods. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Yihang Gao , Ka Chun Cheung , Michael K. Ng

Partial differential equations (PDEs) provide a mathematical foundation for simulating and understanding intricate behaviors in both physical sciences and engineering. With the growing capabilities of deep learning, data$-$driven approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Narayan S Iyer , Bivas Bhaumik , Ram S Iyer , Satyasaran Changdar