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An increasingly large number of HPC systems rely on heterogeneous architectures combining traditional multi-core CPUs with power efficient accelerators. Designing efficient applications for these systems has been troublesome in the past as…
The ever-growing scale of data parallelism in today's HPC and ML applications presents a big challenge for computing architectures' energy efficiency and performance. Vector processors address the scale-up challenge by decoupling Vector…
Vector databases have rapidly grown in popularity, enabling efficient similarity search over data such as text, images, and video. They now play a central role in modern AI workflows, aiding large language models by grounding model outputs…
Vectorization is a powerful optimization technique that significantly boosts the performance of high performance computing applications operating on large data arrays. Despite decades of research on auto-vectorization, compilers frequently…
Today's world of scientific software for High Energy Physics (HEP) is powered by x86 code, while the future will be much more reliant on accelerators like GPUs and FPGAs. The portable parallelization strategies (PPS) project of the High…
High-energy physics (HEP) experiments have developed millions of lines of code over decades that are optimized to run on traditional x86 CPU systems. However, we are seeing a rapidly increasing fraction of floating point computing power in…
The main goal for this article is to compare performance penalties when using KVM virtualization and Docker containers for creating isolated environments for HPC applications. The article provides both data obtained using commonly accepted…
Among the components contributing to particle transport, geometry navigation is an important consumer of CPU cycles. The tasks performed to get answers to "basic" queries such as locating a point within a geometry hierarchy or computing…
Molecular docking is a critical computational strategy in drug design and discovery, but the complex diversity of biomolecular structures and flexible binding conformations create an enormous search space that challenges conventional…
Power efficiency is becoming an ever more important metric for both high performance and high throughput computing. Over the course of next decade it is expected that flops/watt will be a major driver for the evolution of computer…
Virtualization technologies have evolved along with the development of computational environments since virtualization offered needed features at that time such as isolation, accountability, resource allocation, resource fair sharing and so…
Modern processors are increasingly featuring multiple cores, as well as support for hardware virtualization. While these processors are common in desktop and server-class computing, they are less prevalent in embedded and real-time systems.…
High Performance Computing (HPC) aims at providing reasonably fast computing solutions to scientific and real life problems. The advent of multicore architectures is noticeable in the HPC history, because it has brought the underlying…
Real-time systems, particularly those used in domains like automated driving, are increasingly adopting neural networks. From this trend arises the need for high-performance hardware exhibiting predictable timing behavior. While…
Deep learning implementations on CPUs (Central Processing Units) are gaining more traction. Enhanced AI capabilities on commodity x86 architectures are commercially appealing due to the reuse of existing hardware and virtualization ease. A…
The present panorama of HPC architectures is extremely heterogeneous, ranging from traditional multi-core CPU processors, supporting a wide class of applications but delivering moderate computing performance, to many-core GPUs, exploiting…
Modern scientific applications are getting more diverse, and the vector lengths in those applications vary widely. Contemporary Vector Processors (VPs) are designed either for short vector lengths, e.g., Fujitsu A64FX with 512-bit ARM SVE…
The prospects of quantum computing have driven efforts to realize fully functional quantum processing units (QPUs). Recent success in developing proof-of-principle QPUs has prompted the question of how to integrate these emerging processors…
Over recent years heterogeneous systems have become more prevalent across HPC systems, with over 100 supercomputers in the TOP500 incorporating GPUs or other accelerators. These hardware platforms have different performance characteristics…
Containers improve the efficiency in application deployment and thus have been widely utilised on Cloud and lately in High Performance Computing (HPC) environments. Containers encapsulate complex programs with their dependencies in isolated…