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Anomalies in multivariate time series often arise from temporal context and cross-channel coordination rather than isolated outliers. We present Pi-Transformer (Prior-Informed Transformer), a transformer with two attention pathways:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Sepehr Maleki , Negar Pourmoazemi

Transformer-based deep learning models have achieved state-of-the-art performance across numerous language and vision tasks. While the self-attention mechanism, a core component of transformers, has proven capable of handling complex data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Laziz Abdullaev , Tan M. Nguyen

Accurate representation of the multiscale features in spatiotemporal physical systems using vision transformer (ViT) architectures requires extremely long, computationally prohibitive token sequences. To address this issue, we propose two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Pei Zhang , M. Paul Laiu , Matthew Norman , Doug Stefanski , John Gounley

Multivariate time series modeling and prediction problems are abundant in many machine learning application domains. Accurate interpretation of such prediction outcomes from a machine learning model that explicitly captures temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Tryambak Gangopadhyay , Sin Yong Tan , Zhanhong Jiang , Rui Meng , Soumik Sarkar

Recurrent Neural Networks were, until recently, one of the best ways to capture the timely dependencies in sequences. However, with the introduction of the Transformer, it has been proven that an architecture with only attention-mechanisms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Radostin Cholakov , Todor Kolev

Initially developed for natural language processing (NLP), Transformer model is now widely used for speech processing tasks such as speaker recognition, due to its powerful sequence modeling capabilities. However, conventional…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-28 Rui Wang , Junyi Ao , Long Zhou , Shujie Liu , Zhihua Wei , Tom Ko , Qing Li , Yu Zhang

We propose a novel framework, Continuous_Time Attention, which infuses partial differential equations (PDEs) into the Transformer's attention mechanism to address the challenges of extremely long input sequences. Instead of relying solely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Yukun Zhang , Xueqing Zhou

Deep neural networks, especially transformer-based architectures, have achieved remarkable success in semantic segmentation for environmental perception. However, existing models process video frames independently, thus failing to leverage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Serin Varghese , Kevin Ross , Fabian Hueger , Kira Maag

Multi-head attention, a collection of several attention mechanisms that independently attend to different parts of the input, is the key ingredient in the Transformer. Recent work has shown, however, that a large proportion of the heads in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Jiaoda Li , Ryan Cotterell , Mrinmaya Sachan

Learned self-attention functions in state-of-the-art NLP models often correlate with human attention. We investigate whether self-attention in large-scale pre-trained language models is as predictive of human eye fixation patterns during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Stephanie Brandl , Oliver Eberle , Jonas Pilot , Anders Søgaard

Learning robotic manipulation policies through supervised learning from demonstrations remains challenging when policies encounter execution variations not explicitly covered during training. While incorporating historical context through…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Giovanni Minelli , Giulio Turrisi , Victor Barasuol , Claudio Semini

Bridging the sim-to-real gap remains a fundamental challenge in robotics, as accurate dynamic parameter estimation is essential for reliable model-based control, realistic simulation, and safe deployment of manipulators. Traditional…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Mohammed Elseiagy , Tsige Tadesse Alemayoh , Ranulfo Bezerra , Shotaro Kojima , Kazunori Ohno

The paper develops a Transformer architecture for estimating dynamic factors from multivariate time series data under flexible identification assumptions. Performance on small datasets is improved substantially by using a conventional…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-21 Oliver Snellman

Normalization techniques are crucial for enhancing Transformer models' performance and stability in time series analysis tasks, yet traditional methods like batch and layer normalization often lead to issues such as token shift, attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Nan Huang , Christian Kümmerle , Xiang Zhang

Forecasting multivariate time series data, such as prediction of electricity consumption, solar power production, and polyphonic piano pieces, has numerous valuable applications. However, complex and non-linear interdependencies between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-20 Shun-Yao Shih , Fan-Keng Sun , Hung-yi Lee

Attention-based neural networks, such as Transformers, have become ubiquitous in numerous applications, including computer vision, natural language processing, and time-series analysis. In all kinds of attention networks, the attention maps…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Yujing Wang , Yaming Yang , Zhuo Li , Jiangang Bai , Mingliang Zhang , Xiangtai Li , Jing Yu , Ce Zhang , Gao Huang , Yunhai Tong

Transformers and their attention mechanism have been revolutionary in the field of Machine Learning. While originally proposed for the language data, they quickly found their way to the image, video, graph, etc. data modalities with various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Saeed Amizadeh , Sara Abdali , Yinheng Li , Kazuhito Koishida

The Dynamic Vision Sensor (DVS) is an innovative technology that efficiently captures and encodes visual information in an event-driven manner. By combining it with event-driven neuromorphic processing, the sparsity in DVS camera output can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Yiming Bu , Jiayang Liu , Qinru Qiu

The quadratic complexity of dot-product attention introduced in Transformer remains a fundamental bottleneck impeding the progress of foundation models toward unbounded context lengths. Addressing this challenge, we introduce the Deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yifan Zhang

The training and generalization dynamics of the Transformer's core mechanism, namely the Attention mechanism, remain under-explored. Besides, existing analyses primarily focus on single-head attention. Inspired by the demonstrated benefits…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Puneesh Deora , Rouzbeh Ghaderi , Hossein Taheri , Christos Thrampoulidis