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Graph neural networks (GNNs) are gaining popularity for processing graph-structured data. In real-world scenarios, graph data within the same dataset can vary significantly in scale. This variability leads to depth-sensitivity, where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Zelin Yao , Chuang Liu , Xianke Meng , Yibing Zhan , Jia Wu , Shirui Pan , Wenbin Hu

Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) models outperform conventional models by selectively activating different subnets, named experts, on a per-token basis. This gated computation generates dynamic communications that cannot be determined beforehand,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Xudong Liao , Yijun Sun , Han Tian , Xinchen Wan , Yilun Jin , Zilong Wang , Zhenghang Ren , Xinyang Huang , Wenxue Li , Kin Fai Tse , Zhizhen Zhong , Guyue Liu , Ying Zhang , Xiaofeng Ye , Yiming Zhang , Kai Chen

Leveraging blockchain in Federated Learning (FL) emerges as a new paradigm for secure collaborative learning on Massive Edge Networks (MENs). As the scale of MENs increases, it becomes more difficult to implement and manage a blockchain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Handi Chen , Rui Zhou , Yun-Hin Chan , Zhihan Jiang , Xianhao Chen , Edith C. H. Ngai

Dense linear layers are the dominant computational bottleneck in large neural networks, presenting a critical need for more efficient alternatives. Previous efforts focused on a small number of hand-crafted structured matrices and neglected…

Mixture of Experts (MoE) has become a key architectural paradigm for efficiently scaling Large Language Models (LLMs) by selectively activating a subset of parameters for each input token. However, standard MoE architectures face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zehua Liu , Han Wu , Ruifeng She , Xiaojin Fu , Xiongwei Han , Tao Zhong , Mingxuan Yuan

We present MegaBlocks, a system for efficient Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) training on GPUs. Our system is motivated by the limitations of current frameworks, which restrict the dynamic routing in MoE layers to satisfy the constraints of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Trevor Gale , Deepak Narayanan , Cliff Young , Matei Zaharia

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) effectively scales model capacity while preserving computational efficiency through sparse expert activation. However, training high-quality MoEs from scratch is prohibitively expensive. A promising alternative is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Ziyu Zhao , Tong Zhu , Zhi Zhang , Tiantian Fan , Jinluan Yang , Kun Kuang , Zhongyu Wei , Fei Wu , Yu Cheng

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models facilitate edge deployment by decoupling model capacity from active computation, yet their large memory footprint drives the need for GPU systems with near-data processing (NDP) capabilities that offload…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Qi Wu , Chao Fang , Jiayuan Chen , Ye Lin , Yueqi Zhang , Yichuan Bai , Yuan Du , Li Du

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have emerged as a cornerstone of modern AI systems. In particular, MoEs route inputs dynamically to specialized experts whose outputs are aggregated through weighted summation. Despite their widespread…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Fangshuo Liao , Anastasios Kyrillidis

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture improves computational efficiency via sparse expert activation, but throughput-oriented inference faces substantial GPU memory pressure due to a significant parameter size and intermediate data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Muyoung Son , Yi Chen , Seungjae Yoo , Soongyu Choi , Joo-Young Kim

In recent years, various methods have been proposed for mesh analysis, each offering distinct advantages and often excelling on different object classes. We present a novel Mixture of Experts (MoE) framework designed to harness the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Amir Belder , Ayellet Tal

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have emerged as a promising approach to scale Large Language Models (LLMs). MoE boosts the efficiency by activating a subset of experts per token. Recent works show that fine-grained experts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zheyue Tan , Zhiyuan Li , Tao Yuan , Dong Zhou , Weilin Liu , Yueqing Zhuang , Yadong Li , Guowei Niu , Cheng Qin , Zhuyu Yao , Congyi Liu , Haiyang Xu , Boxun Li , Guohao Dai , Bo Zhao , Yu Wang

The capacity of a neural network to absorb information is limited by its number of parameters. Conditional computation, where parts of the network are active on a per-example basis, has been proposed in theory as a way of dramatically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-01-24 Noam Shazeer , Azalia Mirhoseini , Krzysztof Maziarz , Andy Davis , Quoc Le , Geoffrey Hinton , Jeff Dean

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures route each token through a subset of experts at each layer independently. We propose viewing MoE computation through the lens of \emph{expert paths} -- the sequence of expert selections a token…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Zijin Gu , Tatiana Likhomanenko , Vimal Thilak , Jason Ramapuram , Navdeep Jaitly

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Large Language Models (LLMs) face a trilemma of load imbalance, parameter redundancy, and communication overhead. We introduce a unified framework based on dynamic expert clustering and structured compression to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Peijun Zhu , Ning Yang , Baoliang Tian , Jiayu Wei , Weihao Zhang , Haijun Zhang , Pin Lv

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models offer a powerful way to scale model size without increasing compute, as per-token FLOPs depend only on k active experts rather than the total pool of E experts. Yet, this asymmetry creates an MoE…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Linghao Jin , Chufan Shi , Huijuan Wang , Nuan Wen , Zhengzhong Liu , Eric Xing , Xuezhe Ma

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have shown strong multilingual capabilities, yet the internal mechanisms underlying performance gains and cross-language differences remain insufficiently understood. In this work, we conduct a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yuxin Chen , Zhengzhou Cai , Xiangtian Ji , Weixiang Zhao , An Zhang , Xiang Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have found extensive applications in learning from graph data. However, real-world graphs often possess diverse structures and comprise nodes and edges of varying types. To bolster the generalization capacity of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Haotao Wang , Ziyu Jiang , Yuning You , Yan Han , Gaowen Liu , Jayanth Srinivasa , Ramana Rao Kompella , Zhangyang Wang

An increasing number of LLMs employ Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures where the feed-forward layer is replaced by a pool of experts and each token only activates a small subset of them. During autoregressive generation, these models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Costin-Andrei Oncescu , Qingyang Wu , Wai Tong Chung , Robert Wu , Bryan Gopal , Junxiong Wang , Tri Dao , Ben Athiwaratkun

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly adopt Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures to scale model capacity while reducing computation. Fine-tuning these MoE-based LLMs often requires access to distributed and privacy-sensitive data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zihan Fang , Qianru Wang , Haonan An , Zheng Lin , Yiqin Deng , Xianhao Chen , Yuguang Fang