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The growing prominence of large language models, such as GPT-4 and ChatGPT, has led to increased concerns over academic integrity due to the potential for machine-generated content and paraphrasing. Although studies have explored the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Jonas Becker , Jan Philip Wahle , Terry Ruas , Bela Gipp

The misuse of large language models (LLMs) poses potential risks, motivating the development of machine-generated text (MGT) detection. Existing literature primarily concentrates on binary, document-level detection, thereby neglecting texts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Zhixiong Su , Yichen Wang , Herun Wan , Zhaohan Zhang , Minnan Luo

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has created an urgent need to distinguish between human-written and LLM-generated text to ensure authenticity and societal trust. Existing detectors typically provide a binary classification for an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Mengchu Li , Jin Zhu , Jinglai Li , Chengchun Shi

Self-recognition is a crucial metacognitive capability for AI systems, relevant not only for psychological analysis but also for safety, particularly in evaluative scenarios. Motivated by contradictory interpretations of whether models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Xiaoyan Bai , Aryan Shrivastava , Ari Holtzman , Chenhao Tan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities of generating texts resembling human language. However, they can be misused by criminals to create deceptive content, such as fake news and phishing emails, which raises…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Wenjie Qu , Wengrui Zheng , Tianyang Tao , Dong Yin , Yanze Jiang , Zhihua Tian , Wei Zou , Jinyuan Jia , Jiaheng Zhang

The significant progress in the development of Large Language Models has contributed to blurring the distinction between human and AI-generated text. The increasing pervasiveness of AI-generated text and the difficulty in detecting it poses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Lucio La Cava , Davide Costa , Andrea Tagarelli

We find that large language models (LLMs) are more likely to modify human-written text than AI-generated text when tasked with rewriting. This tendency arises because LLMs often perceive AI-generated text as high-quality, leading to fewer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Chengzhi Mao , Carl Vondrick , Hao Wang , Junfeng Yang

Watermarks should be introduced in the natural language outputs of AI systems in order to maintain the distinction between human and machine-generated text. The ethical imperative to not blur this distinction arises from the asemantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-08 Alexei Grinbaum , Laurynas Adomaitis

While extensive research has focused on ChatGPT in recent years, very few studies have systematically quantified and compared linguistic features between human-written and artificial intelligence (AI)-generated language. This exploratory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Georgios P. Georgiou

Large language models (LLMs) have made it remarkably easy to synthesize plausible source code from natural language prompts. While this accelerates software development and supports learning, it also raises new risks for academic integrity,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Syed Mehedi Hasan Nirob , Shamim Ehsan , Moqsadur Rahman , Summit Haque

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) presents a significant challenge to academic integrity within computing education. As educators seek reliable detection methods, this paper evaluates the capacity of three prominent LLMs…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Christopher Burger , Karmece Talley , Christina Trotter

The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has revolutionized content creation across text, visual, and audio domains, simultaneously introducing significant risks such as misinformation, identity fraud, and content…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Lele Cao

The collection and use of personal data are becoming more common in today's data-driven culture. While there are many advantages to this, including better decision-making and service delivery, it also poses significant ethical issues around…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Constantinos Patsakis , Nikolaos Lykousas

Writing is a foundational literacy skill that underpins effective communication, fosters critical thinking, facilitates learning across disciplines, and enables individuals to organize and articulate complex ideas. Consequently, writing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Jiangang Hao

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and Gemini has posed new challenges for the academic community. With the help of these models, students can easily complete their assignments and exams, while educators struggle to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Shushanta Pudasaini , Luis Miralles-Pechuán , David Lillis , Marisa Llorens Salvador

LLM-based applications are helping people write, and LLM-generated text is making its way into social media, journalism, and our classrooms. However, the differences between LLM-generated and human written text remain unclear. To explore…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Tuhin Chakrabarty , Philippe Laban , Chien-Sheng Wu

The rapid progress of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has enabled the effortless synthesis of high-quality visual content, while simultaneously raising pressing concerns about intellectual property protection, authenticity, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jie Cao , Qi Li , Zelin Zhang , Jianbing Ni , Rongxing Lu

The advent of instruction-tuned language models that convincingly mimic human writing poses a significant risk of abuse. However, such abuse may be counteracted with the ability to detect whether a piece of text was composed by a language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Rafael Rivera Soto , Kailin Koch , Aleem Khan , Barry Chen , Marcus Bishop , Nicholas Andrews

LLMs offer new creative possibilities for writers but also raise concerns about authenticity and reader trust, particularly when AI involvement is disclosed. Prior research has largely framed this as an issue of transparency and provenance,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Syemin Park , Soobin Park , Youn-kyung Lim

Online questionnaires that use crowd-sourcing platforms to recruit participants have become commonplace, due to their ease of use and low costs. Artificial Intelligence (AI) based Large Language Models (LLM) have made it easy for bad actors…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Benjamin Lebrun , Sharon Temtsin , Andrew Vonasch , Christoph Bartneck