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The most intriguing properties of non-Hermitian systems are found near the exceptional points (EPs) at which the Hamiltonian matrix becomes defective. Due to the complex topological structure of the energy Riemann surfaces close to an EP…

Classical Physics · Physics 2018-06-19 Xu-Lin Zhang , Shubo Wang , Bo Hou , C. T. Chan

Exceptional points (EPs) are remarkable spectral degeneracies in a non-Hermitian system's parameter space, where both eigenvalues and eigenstates coalesce. Here, we show that in non-Hermitian molecular chiral systems the position of EPs in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-02 Nicola Mayer , Alexander Löhr , Nimrod Moiseyev , Misha Ivanov , Olga Smirnova

Distinct from closed quantum systems, non-Hermitian system can have exceptional points (EPs) where both eigenvalues and eigenvectors coalesce. Recently, it has been proposed and demonstrated that EPs can enhance the performance of sensors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-05 Mengzhen Zhang , William Sweeney , Chia Wei Hsu , Lan Yang , A. D. Stone , Liang Jiang

We investigate the topological properties of multiple exceptional points in non-Hermitian two-level systems, emphasizing vorticity as a topological invariant arising from complex energy structures. We categorize EP pairs as fundamental…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-19 Jung-Wan Ryu , Chang-Hwan Yi , Jae-Ho Han

Higher-order exceptional points in the spectrum of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians describing open quantum or wave systems have a variety of potential applications in particular in optics and photonics. However, the experimental realization is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-05 Jan Wiersig

We study the parity and time-reversal ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetric quantum physics in a non-Hermitian non-relativistic hydrogen molecule with local (Hubbard type) Coulomb interaction. We consider non-Hermiticity generated from both kinetic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-23 Himadri Barman , Suriyaa Valliapan

A short resume is given about the nature of exceptional points (EPs) followed by discussions about their ubiquitous occurrence in a great variety of physical problems. EPs feature in classical as well as in quantum mechanical problems. They…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-30 W. D. Heiss

Non-Hermitian systems with parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetry give rise to exceptional points (EPs) with exceptional properties that arise due to the coalescence of eigenvectors. Such systems have been extensively explored in the…

An exceptional point is a special point in parameter space at which two (or more) eigenvalues and eigenvectors coincide. The discovery of exceptional points within mechanical and optical systems has uncovered peculiar effects in their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-24 C. A. Downing , V. A. Saroka

The emergence of various types of degeneracies plays a crucial role in optimizing and engineering different physical phenomena in non-Hermitian physics. In our work, we focus on the derogatory Exceptional Points (EPs), which are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-22 Grigory A. Starkov , Sharareh Sayyad

Phase transitions in open quantum systems, which are associated with the formation of collective states of a large width and of trapped states with rather small widths, are related to exceptional points of the Hamiltonian. Exceptional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 W. D. Heiss , M. Mueller , I. Rotter

Exceptional points (EPs) are exotic degeneracies of non-Hermitian systems, where the eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors simultaneously coalesce in parameter space, and these degeneracies are sensitive to tiny perturbations on…

We analytically investigate the Liouvillian exceptional point manifolds (LEPMs) of a two-qubit open system, where one qubit is coupled to a dissipative polarization bath. Exploiting a Z_2 symmetry, we block-diagonalize the Liouvillian and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-11 Vladislav Popkov , Carlo Presilla , Mario Salerno

Open systems with gain and loss, described by non-trace-preserving, non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, have been a subject of intense research recently. The effect of exceptional-point degeneracies on the dynamics of classical systems has been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-01 M. Naghiloo , M. Abbasi , Yogesh N. Joglekar , K. W. Murch

Exceptional points (EPs) are degeneracies in open wave systems with coalescence of at least two energy levels and their corresponding eigenstates. In higher dimensions, more complex EP physics not found in two-state systems is observed. We…

Studies have shown that quantum states reside in a Hilbert space bundle. When a quantum system depends on continuous external parameters, these parameters define additional dimensions in the base space of the bundle. While much of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-10 Chia-Yi Ju , Szu-Ming Chen

We study exceptional points (EPs) of a nonhermitian Hamiltonian $\hat{H}(\lambda,\delta)$ whose parameters $\lambda \in {\mathbb C}$ and $\delta \in {\mathbb R}$. As the real control parameter $\delta$ is varied, the $k$-th EP (or $k$-th…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-22 Milan Šindelka , Pavel Stránský , Pavel Cejnar

Exceptional points (EPs), at which more than one eigenvalue and eigenvector coalesce, are unique spectral features of Non-Hermiticity (NH) systems. They exist widely in open systems with complex energy spectra. We experimentally demonstrate…

We demonstrate that Liouvillian exceptional points (LEPs), previously explored only in continuous Lindbladian dynamics, also emerge in discrete brickwork completely positive trace-preserving (CPTP) circuits. By analytically solving a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Vladislav Popkov , Mario Salerno

We study a non-Hermitian $PT-$symmetric generalization of an $N$-particle, two-mode Bose-Hubbard system, modeling for example a Bose-Einstein condensate in a double well potential coupled to a continuum via a sink in one of the wells and a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2008-05-31 E. M. Graefe , U. Guenther , H. J. Korsch , A. E. Niederle
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