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A method is presented that allows to reduce a problem described by differential equations with initial and boundary conditions to the problem described only by differential equations. The advantage of using the modified problem for…

Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently been widely used for robust and accurate approximation of PDEs. We provide rigorous upper bounds on the generalization error of PINNs approximating solutions of the forward problem for…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-12-07 Siddhartha Mishra , Roberto Molinaro

This paper addresses the challenge of transient stability in power systems with missing parameters and uncertainty propagation in swing equations. We introduce a novel application of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), specifically an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Ren Wang , Ming Zhong , Kaidi Xu , Lola Giráldez Sánchez-Cortés , Ignacio de Cominges Guerra

The concepts and techniques of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) is studied and limitations are identified to make it efficient to approximate dynamical equations. Potential working research domains are explored for increasing the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-01-13 Siddharth Rout

This paper concerns solving the steady radiative transfer equation with diffusive scaling, using the physics informed neural networks (PINNs). The idea of PINNs is to minimize a least-square loss function, that consists of the residual from…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-06-15 Yulong Lu , Li Wang , Wuzhe Xu

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have effectively been demonstrated in solving forward and inverse differential equation problems, but they are still trapped in training failures when the target functions to be approximated exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Ye Li , Song-Can Chen , Sheng-Jun Huang

This paper presents NSGA-PINN, a multi-objective optimization framework for effective training of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs). The proposed framework uses the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) to enable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Binghang Lu , Christian B. Moya , Guang Lin

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are extensively employed to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by ensuring that the outputs and gradients of deep learning models adhere to the governing equations. However, constrained by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Chenhao Si , Ming Yan

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are a versatile tool in the burgeoning field of scientific machine learning for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, determining suitable training strategies for them is not…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-09 Saad Qadeer , Panos Stinis

Physics-informed Neural Networks (PINNs) often have, in their loss functions, terms based on physical equations and derivatives. In order to evaluate these terms, the output solution is sampled using a distribution of collocation points.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Marcus Münzer , Chris Bard

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are a class of deep learning models aiming to approximate solutions of PDEs by training neural networks to minimize the residual of the equation. Focusing on non-equilibrium fluctuating systems, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Javier Castro , Benjamin Gess

Training Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) on stiff time-dependent PDEs remains highly unstable. Through rigorous ablation studies, we identify a surprisingly critical factor: the enforcement of initial conditions. We present the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-09 Baoli Hao , Ulisses Braga-Neto , Chun Liu , Lifan Wang , Ming Zhong

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) impose known physical laws into the learning of deep neural networks, making sure they respect the physics of the process while decreasing the demand of labeled data. For systems represented by…

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) provide a means of obtaining approximate solutions of partial differential equations and systems through the minimisation of an objective function which includes the evaluation of a residual function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jose Florido , He Wang , Amirul Khan , Peter K. Jimack

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) provide a flexible and effective alternative for estimating seismic wavefield solutions due to their typical mesh-free and unsupervised features. However, their accuracy and training cost restrict…

Geophysics · Physics 2024-01-23 Shijun Cheng , Tariq Alkhalifah

Non-linear differential equations are a fundamental tool to describe different phenomena in nature. However, we still lack a well-established method to tackle stiff differential equations. Here we present a machine learning framework to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Pedro Tarancón-Álvarez , Pablo Tejerina-Pérez , Raul Jimenez , Pavlos Protopapas

Accurately and efficiently solving nonlinear differential equations is crucial for modeling dynamic behavior across science and engineering. Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful solution that embeds physical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Duarte Alexandrino , Ben Moseley , Pavlos Protopapas

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are numerical solvers that embed all the physical information of a system into the loss function of a neural network. In this way the learned solution accounts for data (if available), the governing…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-07-30 Andrés Martínez-Esteban , Pablo Calvo-Barlés , Luis Martín-Moreno , Sergio G Rodrigo

Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently been very successfully applied for efficiently approximating inverse problems for PDEs. We focus on a particular class of inverse problems, the so-called data assimilation or unique…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-12-07 Siddhartha Mishra , Roberto Molinaro

This work addresses the development of a physics-informed neural network (PINN) with a loss term derived from a discretized time-dependent reduced-order system. In this work, first, the governing equations are discretized using a finite…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-01-30 Rahul Halder , Giovanni Stabile , Gianluigi Rozza