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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities of generating texts resembling human language. However, they can be misused by criminals to create deceptive content, such as fake news and phishing emails, which raises…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Wenjie Qu , Wengrui Zheng , Tianyang Tao , Dong Yin , Yanze Jiang , Zhihua Tian , Wei Zou , Jinyuan Jia , Jiaheng Zhang

LLM watermarking has attracted attention as a promising way to detect AI-generated content, with some works suggesting that current schemes may already be fit for deployment. In this work we dispute this claim, identifying watermark…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Nikola Jovanović , Robin Staab , Martin Vechev

The rapid advancement of text-to-image generation systems, exemplified by models like Stable Diffusion, Midjourney, Imagen, and DALL-E, has heightened concerns about their potential misuse. In response, companies like Meta and Google have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Niyar R Barman , Krish Sharma , Ashhar Aziz , Shashwat Bajpai , Shwetangshu Biswas , Vasu Sharma , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha , Amit Sheth , Amitava Das

Superimposing visible watermarks on images provides a powerful weapon to cope with the copyright issue. Watermark removal techniques, which can strengthen the robustness of visible watermarks in an adversarial way, have attracted increasing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-29 Jing Liang , Li Niu , Fengjun Guo , Teng Long , Liqing Zhang

Watermarking generative models consists of planting a statistical signal (watermark) in a model's output so that it can be later verified that the output was generated by the given model. A strong watermarking scheme satisfies the property…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Hanlin Zhang , Benjamin L. Edelman , Danilo Francati , Daniele Venturi , Giuseppe Ateniese , Boaz Barak

As generative AI models produce increasingly realistic output, both academia and industry are focusing on the ability to detect whether an output was generated by an AI model or not. Many of the research efforts and policy discourse are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Houssam Kherraz

Deep learning has been achieving top performance in many tasks. Since training of a deep learning model requires a great deal of cost, we need to treat neural network models as valuable intellectual properties. One concern in such a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-21 Ryota Namba , Jun Sakuma

Latent Diffusion Models (LDMs) have established themselves as powerful tools in the rapidly evolving field of image generation, capable of producing highly realistic images. However, their widespread adoption raises critical concerns about…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Zhonghao Yang , Linye Lyu , Xuanhang Chang , Daojing He , YU LI

Recent advancements in AI-generated content (AIGC) have introduced new challenges in intellectual property protection and the authentication of generated objects. We focus on scenarios in which an author seeks to assert authorship of an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-19 De Zhang Lee , Han Fang , Ee-Chien Chang

Recent advances in digital watermarking make use of deep neural networks for message embedding and extraction. They typically follow the ``encoder-noise layer-decoder''-based architecture. By deliberately establishing a differentiable noise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Guobiao Li , Lei Tan , Yuliang Xue , Gaozhi Liu , Zhenxing Qian , Sheng Li , Xinpeng Zhang

Robust watermarking is critical for intellectual property protection, whereas existing methods face a severe vulnerability against regeneration-based AIGC attacks. We identify that existing methods fail because they entangle the watermark…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Haoyuan He , Yu Zheng , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

AIGC (AI-Generated Content) has achieved tremendous success in many applications such as text-to-image tasks, where the model can generate high-quality images with diverse prompts, namely, different descriptions in natural languages. More…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Weitao Feng , Jiyan He , Jie Zhang , Tianwei Zhang , Wenbo Zhou , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Watermarking is one of the most important copyright protection tools for digital media. The most challenging type of watermarking is the imperceptible one, which embeds identifying information in the data while retaining the latter's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Natan Semyonov , Rami Puzis , Asaf Shabtai , Gilad Katz

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has raised concerns regarding their potential misuse, particularly in generating fake news and misinformation. To address these risks, watermarking techniques for autoregressive language…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Koichi Nagatsuka , Terufumi Morishita , Yasuhiro Sogawa

Watermarking has become a key technique for proprietary language models, enabling the distinction between AI-generated and human-written text. However, in many real-world scenarios, LLM-generated content may undergo post-generation edits,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Liyan Xie , Muhammad Siddeek , Mohamed Seif , Andrea J. Goldsmith , Mengdi Wang

The increasing realism of synthetic speech, driven by advancements in text-to-speech models, raises ethical concerns regarding impersonation and disinformation. Audio watermarking offers a promising solution via embedding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Hongbin Liu , Moyang Guo , Zhengyuan Jiang , Lun Wang , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Watermarking for large language models (LLMs) offers a promising approach to identifying AI-generated text. Existing approaches, however, either compromise the distribution of original generated text by LLMs or are limited to embedding…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Ya Jiang , Chuxiong Wu , Massieh Kordi Boroujeny , Brian Mark , Kai Zeng

Generative models have seen an explosion in popularity with the release of huge generative Diffusion models like Midjourney and Stable Diffusion to the public. Because of this new ease of access, questions surrounding the automated…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Luke Ditria , Tom Drummond

Visible watermark removal which involves watermark cleaning and background content restoration is pivotal to evaluate the resilience of watermarks. Existing deep neural network (DNN)-based models still struggle with large-area watermarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yicheng Leng , Chaowei Fang , Junye Chen , Yixiang Fang , Sheng Li , Guanbin Li

The ethical need to protect AI-generated content has been a significant concern in recent years. While existing watermarking strategies have demonstrated success in detecting synthetic content (detection), there has been limited exploration…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Rui Min , Sen Li , Hongyang Chen , Minhao Cheng
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