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Large language models (LLMs) have gained significant attention in various fields but prone to hallucination, especially in knowledge-intensive (KI) tasks. To address this, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a popular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Xiaoxi Li , Zhicheng Dou , Yujia Zhou , Fangchao Liu

Since large language models (LLMs) have a tendency to generate factually inaccurate output, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has gained significant attention as a key means to mitigate this downside of harnessing only LLMs. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Youmin Ko , Sungjong Seo , Hyunjoon Kim

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) can alleviate hallucinations of Large Language Models (LLMs) by referencing external documents. However, the misinformation in external documents may mislead LLMs' generation. To address this issue, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Boyi Deng , Wenjie Wang , Fengbin Zhu , Qifan Wang , Fuli Feng

Retrieval-augmented large language models (LLMs) leverage relevant content retrieved by information retrieval systems to generate correct responses, aiming to alleviate the hallucination problem. However, existing retriever-responder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Taolin Zhang , Dongyang Li , Qizhou Chen , Chengyu Wang , Longtao Huang , Hui Xue , Xiaofeng He , Jun Huang

How to alleviate the hallucinations of Large Language Models (LLMs) has always been the fundamental goal pursued by the LLMs research community. Looking through numerous hallucination-related studies, a mainstream category of methods is to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Yinghui Li , Haojing Huang , Jiayi Kuang , Yangning Li , Shu-Yu Guo , Chao Qu , Xiaoyu Tan , Hai-Tao Zheng , Ying Shen , Philip S. Yu

The integration of retrieved passages and large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPTs, has significantly contributed to improving open-domain question answering. However, there is still a lack of exploration regarding the optimal…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Ye Liu , Semih Yavuz , Rui Meng , Meghana Moorthy , Shafiq Joty , Caiming Xiong , Yingbo Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in natural language processing; however, they still face difficulties when tasked with understanding lengthy contexts and executing effective question answering. These…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Yanming Liu , Xinyue Peng , Jiannan Cao , Yanxin Shen , Tianyu Du , Sheng Cheng , Xun Wang , Jianwei Yin , Xuhong Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has recently demonstrated the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the knowledge-intensive tasks such as Question-Answering (QA). RAG expands the query context by incorporating external…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zijian Hei , Weiling Liu , Wenjie Ou , Juyi Qiao , Junming Jiao , Guowen Song , Ting Tian , Yi Lin

Despite the rapid success of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), a persistent challenge is their tendency to generate hallucinated content, undermining reliability in real-world use. Existing training-free methods address hallucinations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Neeraj Anand , Samyak Jha , Udbhav Bamba , Rahul Rahaman

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly improved their performance across various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with generating non-factual responses due to limitations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Taeho Hwang , Soyeong Jeong , Sukmin Cho , SeungYoon Han , Jong C. Park

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable progress, yet their ability to solve complex problems remains limited. In this work, we introduce Cumulative Reasoning (CR), a structured framework that enhances LLM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yifan Zhang , Jingqin Yang , Yang Yuan , Andrew Chi-Chih Yao

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise for generative and knowledge-intensive tasks including question-answering (QA) tasks. However, the practical deployment still faces challenges, notably the issue of "hallucination", where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Ziwei Ji , Tiezheng Yu , Yan Xu , Nayeon Lee , Etsuko Ishii , Pascale Fung

Large language models augmented with task-relevant documents have demonstrated impressive performance on knowledge-intensive tasks. However, regarding how to obtain effective documents, the existing methods are mainly divided into two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Zhangyin Feng , Xiaocheng Feng , Dezhi Zhao , Maojin Yang , Bing Qin

The Retrieval-Augmented Language Model (RALM) has shown remarkable performance on knowledge-intensive tasks by incorporating external knowledge during inference, which mitigates the factual hallucinations inherited in large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Yuan Xia , Jingbo Zhou , Zhenhui Shi , Jun Chen , Haifeng Huang

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit enhanced capabilities in language understanding and generation. By utilizing their embedded knowledge, LLMs are increasingly used as conversational recommender systems (CRS), achieving improved…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zhenrui Yue , Honglei Zhuang , Zhen Qin , Zhankui He , Huimin Zeng , Julian McAuley , Dong Wang

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable generative capabilities but often suffer from hallucinations. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) offers an effective solution by incorporating external knowledge, but existing methods still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Xiaoxi Li , Jiajie Jin , Yujia Zhou , Yongkang Wu , Zhonghua Li , Qi Ye , Zhicheng Dou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved significant success in open-domain question answering. However, they continue to face challenges such as hallucinations and knowledge cutoffs. These issues can be mitigated through in-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Zukang Yang , Zixuan Zhu , Xuan Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite their remarkable capabilities, are prone to generating hallucinated or outdated content due to their static internal knowledge. While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) integrated with Reinforcement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhiwen Tan , Jiaming Huang , Qintong Wu , Hongxuan Zhang , Chenyi Zhuang , Jinjie Gu

Difficult decision-making problems abound in various disciplines and domains. The proliferation of generative techniques, especially large language models (LLMs), has excited interest in using them for decision support. However, LLMs cannot…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Boris Kovalerchuk , Brent D. Fegley

Large language models (LLMs) are promising tools for supporting security management tasks, such as incident response planning. However, their unreliability and tendency to hallucinate remain significant challenges. In this paper, we address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Kim Hammar , Tansu Alpcan , Emil Lupu