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RowHammer is a vulnerability inside DRAM chips where an attacker repeatedly accesses a DRAM row to flip bits in the nearby rows without directly accessing them. Several studies have found that flipping bits in the address part inside a page…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Keigo Yoshioka , Soramichi Akiyama

The rowhammer bug allows an attacker to gain privilege escalation or steal private data. A key requirement of all existing rowhammer attacks is that an attacker must have access to at least part of an exploitable hammer row. We refer to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-31 Zhi Zhang , Yueqiang Cheng , Dongxi Liu , Surya Nepal , Zhi Wang

Rowhammer is a hardware-based bug that allows the attacker to modify the data in the memory without accessing it, just repeatedly and frequently accessing (or hammering) physically adjacent memory rows. So that it can break the memory…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-14 Xiaoxuan Lou , Fan Zhang , Zheng Leong Chua , Zhenkai Liang , Yueqiang Cheng , Yajin Zhou

Modern DRAM is vulnerable to read disturbance (e.g., RowHammer and RowPress) that significantly undermines the robust operation of the system. Repeatedly opening and closing a DRAM row (RowHammer) or keeping a DRAM row open for a long…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Haocong Luo , İsmail Emir Yüksel , Ataberk Olgun , A. Giray Yağlıkçı , Onur Mutlu

RowHammer is a circuit-level DRAM vulnerability, where repeatedly activating and precharging a DRAM row, and thus alternating the voltage of a row's wordline between low and high voltage levels, can cause bit flips in physically nearby…

DRAM chips are vulnerable to read disturbance phenomena (e.g., RowHammer and RowPress), where repeatedly accessing or keeping open a DRAM row causes bitflips in nearby rows. Attackers leverage RowHammer bitflips in real systems to take over…

As memory scales down to smaller technology nodes, new failure mechanisms emerge that threaten its correct operation. If such failure mechanisms are not anticipated and corrected, they can not only degrade system reliability and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-03-03 Onur Mutlu

Recent advancements in side-channel attacks have revealed the vulnerability of modern Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to malicious adversarial weight attacks. The well-studied RowHammer attack has effectively compromised DNN performance by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Ranyang Zhou , Jacqueline T. Liu , Sabbir Ahmed , Shaahin Angizi , Adnan Siraj Rakin

RowHammer attacks are a growing security and reliability concern for DRAMs and computer systems as they can induce many bit errors that overwhelm error detection and correction capabilities. System-level solutions are needed as process…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Steven C. Woo , Wendy Elsasser , Mike Hamburg , Eric Linstadt , Michael R. Miller , Taeksang Song , James Tringali

We will discuss the RowHammer problem in DRAM, which is a prime (and likely the first) example of how a circuit-level failure mechanism in Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) can cause a practical and widespread system security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-28 Onur Mutlu

Cloud providers are concerned that Rowhammer poses a potentially critical threat to their servers, yet today they lack a systematic way to test whether the DRAM used in their servers is vulnerable to Rowhammer attacks. This paper presents…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Lucian Cojocar , Jeremie Kim , Minesh Patel , Lillian Tsai , Stefan Saroiu , Alec Wolman , Onur Mutlu

RowHammer is a major read disturbance mechanism in DRAM where repeatedly accessing (hammering) a row of DRAM cells (DRAM row) induces bitflips in physically nearby DRAM rows (victim rows). To ensure robust DRAM operation, state-of-the-art…

Rowhammer is a serious security problem of contemporary dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) where reads or writes of bits can flip other bits. DRAM manufacturers add mitigations, but don't disclose details, making it difficult for customers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Amir Naseredini , Martin Berger , Matteo Sammartino , Shale Xiong

State-of-the-art deep neural networks (DNNs) have been proven to be vulnerable to adversarial manipulation and backdoor attacks. Backdoored models deviate from expected behavior on inputs with predefined triggers while retaining performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-17 M. Caner Tol , Saad Islam , Andrew J. Adiletta , Berk Sunar , Ziming Zhang

Security of machine learning is increasingly becoming a major concern due to the ubiquitous deployment of deep learning in many security-sensitive domains. Many prior studies have shown external attacks such as adversarial examples that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-01 Fan Yao , Adnan Siraj Rakin , Deliang Fan

Since its inception, Rowhammer exploits have rapidly evolved into increasingly sophisticated threats compromising data integrity and the control flow integrity of victim processes. Nevertheless, it remains a challenge for an attacker to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Andrew Adiletta , M. Caner Tol , Kemal Derya , Berk Sunar , Saad Islam

The demand for accurate information about the internal structure and characteristics of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) has been on the rise. Recent studies have explored the structure and characteristics of DRAM to improve processing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Hwayong Nam , Seungmin Baek , Minbok Wi , Michael Jaemin Kim , Jaehyun Park , Chihun Song , Nam Sung Kim , Jung Ho Ahn

In the past decade, many vulnerabilities were discovered in microarchitectures which yielded attack vectors and motivated the study of countermeasures. Further, architectural and physical imperfections in DRAMs led to the discovery of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Andrew J. Adiletta , M. Caner Tol , Yarkın Doröz , Berk Sunar

The demand for precise information on DRAM microarchitectures and error characteristics has surged, driven by the need to explore processing in memory, enhance reliability, and mitigate security vulnerability. Nonetheless, DRAM…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Hwayong Nam , Seungmin Baek , Minbok Wi , Michael Jaemin Kim , Jaehyun Park , Chihun Song , Nam Sung Kim , Jung Ho Ahn

Emerging non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies offer unique advantages in energy efficiency, latency, and features such as computing-in-memory. Consequently, emerging NVM technologies are considered an ideal substrate for computation and…