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With the recent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Large Language Models (LLMs), the automation of daily tasks, like automatic writing, is getting more and more attention. Hence, efforts have focused on aligning LLMs with human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Mohammadamin Shafiei , Hamidreza Saffari

Evaluating Large Language Models' (LLMs) anthropomorphic capabilities has become increasingly important in contemporary discourse. Utilizing the emotion appraisal theory from psychology, we propose to evaluate the empathy ability of LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jen-tse Huang , Man Ho Lam , Eric John Li , Shujie Ren , Wenxuan Wang , Wenxiang Jiao , Zhaopeng Tu , Michael R. Lyu

With the development of speech large language models (speech LLMs), users can now interact directly with assistants via speech. However, most existing models only convert response content into speech without fully capturing the rich…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Haoyu Wang , Guangyan Zhang , Jiale Chen , Jingyu Li , Yuehai Wang , Yiwen Guo

This study investigates the generation of synthetic disinformation by OpenAI's Large Language Models (LLMs) through prompt engineering and explores their responsiveness to emotional prompting. Leveraging various LLM iterations using…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Rasita Vinay , Giovanni Spitale , Nikola Biller-Andorno , Federico Germani

Automated counter-narratives (CN) offer a promising strategy for mitigating online hate speech, yet concerns about their affective tone, accessibility, and ethical risks remain. We propose a framework for evaluating Large Language Model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Mikel K. Ngueajio , Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco , Yi-Ling Chung , Danda B. Rawat , Amanda Cercas Curry

With the integration of an additional modality, large vision-language models (LVLMs) exhibit greater vulnerability to safety risks (e.g., jailbreaking) compared to their language-only predecessors. Although recent studies have devoted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Ziwei Zheng , Junyao Zhao , Le Yang , Lijun He , Fan Li

As the influence of large language models (LLMs) spans across global communities, their safety challenges in multilingual settings become paramount for alignment research. This paper examines the variations in safety challenges faced by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Lingfeng Shen , Weiting Tan , Sihao Chen , Yunmo Chen , Jingyu Zhang , Haoran Xu , Boyuan Zheng , Philipp Koehn , Daniel Khashabi

While large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities across a wide range of tasks, they pose potential safety concerns, such as the ``jailbreak'' problem, wherein malicious instructions can manipulate LLMs to exhibit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Yue Deng , Wenxuan Zhang , Sinno Jialin Pan , Lidong Bing

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced natural language processing (NLP) skills such as through next-token prediction and self-attention, but their ability to integrate broad context also makes them prone to incorporating irrelevant…

There is a new generation of emoticons, called emojis, that is increasingly being used in mobile communications and social media. In the past two years, over ten billion emojis were used on Twitter. Emojis are Unicode graphic symbols, used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-12-09 Petra Kralj Novak , Jasmina Smailović , Borut Sluban , Igor Mozetič

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as code assistants, yet their behavior when explicitly asked to generate insecure code remains poorly understood. While prior research has focused on unintended vulnerabilities, this study…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Emir Bosnak , Sahand Moslemi , Mayasah Lami , Anil Koyuncu

Languages are shaped by the inductive biases of their users. Using a classical referential game, we investigate how artificial languages evolve when optimised for inductive biases in humans and large language models (LLMs) via Human-Human,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Tom Kouwenhoven , Max Peeperkorn , Roy de Kleijn , Tessa Verhoef

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming vital tools that help us solve and understand complex problems by acting as digital assistants. LLMs can generate convincing explanations, even when only given the inputs and outputs of these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Rohan Ajwani , Shashidhar Reddy Javaji , Frank Rudzicz , Zining Zhu

The rapid emergence of generative Language Models (LMs) has led to growing concern about the impacts that their unexamined adoption may have on the social well-being of diverse user groups. Meanwhile, LMs are increasingly being adopted in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Faye-Marie Vassel , Evan Shieh , Cassidy R. Sugimoto , Thema Monroe-White

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in mathematical and commonsense reasoning tasks using chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting techniques. But can they perform emotional reasoning by concatenating `Let's think…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Ankita Bhaumik , Tomek Strzalkowski

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly vulnerable to a sophisticated form of adversarial prompting known as camouflaged jailbreaking. This method embeds malicious intent within seemingly benign language to evade existing safety…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Youjia Zheng , Mohammad Zandsalimy , Shanu Sushmita

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been demonstrated to generate illegal or unethical responses, particularly when subjected to "jailbreak." Research on jailbreak has highlighted the safety issues of LLMs. However, prior studies have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Zhenhong Zhou , Jiuyang Xiang , Haopeng Chen , Quan Liu , Zherui Li , Sen Su

As the AI systems become deeply embedded in social media platforms, we've uncovered a concerning security vulnerability that goes beyond traditional adversarial attacks. It becomes important to assess the risks of LLMs before the general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Nilanjana Das , Edward Raff , Aman Chadha , Manas Gaur

Recent research has highlighted that assigning specific personas to large language models (LLMs) can significantly increase harmful content generation. However, limited attention has been given to persona-driven toxicity in non-Western…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Geng Liu , Li Feng , Carlo Alberto Bono , Songbo Yang , Mengxiao Zhu , Francesco Pierri

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed the development of embodied intelligence. By providing a few contextual demonstrations, developers can utilize the extensive internal knowledge of LLMs to effortlessly translate complex tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Aishan Liu , Yuguang Zhou , Xianglong Liu , Tianyuan Zhang , Siyuan Liang , Jiakai Wang , Yanjun Pu , Tianlin Li , Junqi Zhang , Wenbo Zhou , Qing Guo , Dacheng Tao