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Related papers: Length-Aware Rotary Position Embedding for Text-Sp…

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Transformer-based end-to-end speech recognition models have received considerable attention in recent years due to their high training speed and ability to model a long-range global context. Position embedding in the transformer…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Shengqiang Li , Menglong Xu , Xiao-Lei Zhang

Rotary Position Embeddings (RoPE) have become a standard for encoding sequence order in Large Language Models (LLMs) by applying rotations to query and key vectors in the complex plane. Standard implementations, however, utilize only the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Xiaoran Liu , Yuerong Song , Zhigeng Liu , Zengfeng Huang , Qipeng Guo , Zhaoxiang Liu , Shiguo Lian , Ziwei He , Xipeng Qiu

Self-attention relies on positional embeddings to encode input order. Relative Position (RelPos) embeddings are widely used in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). However, RelPos has quadratic time complexity to input length and is often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Shucong Zhang , Titouan Parcollet , Rogier van Dalen , Sourav Bhattacharya

Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) has shown strong performance in text-based Large Language Models (LLMs), but extending it to video remains a challenge due to the intricate spatiotemporal structure of video frames. Existing adaptations,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Zikang Liu , Longteng Guo , Yepeng Tang , Tongtian Yue , Junxian Cai , Kai Ma , Qingbin Liu , Xi Chen , Jing Liu

Position information is essential for language modeling. In softmax transformers, Rotary Position Embeddings (\textit{RoPE}) encode positions through \textit{fixed-angle} rotations, while in linear transformers, order is handled via…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Sajad Movahedi , Timur Carstensen , Arshia Afzal , Frank Hutter , Antonio Orvieto , Volkan Cevher

Rotary Positional Embedding (RoPE) is a key component of context scaling in Large Language Models (LLMs). While various methods have been proposed to adapt RoPE to longer contexts, their guiding principles generally fall into two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Haoran Li , Sucheng Ren , Alan Yuille , Feng Wang

Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE)-extension refers to modifying or generalizing the Rotary Position Embedding scheme to handle longer sequences than those encountered during pre-training. However, current extension strategies are highly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Qingyuan Tian , Wenhong Zhu , Xiaoran Liu , Xiaofeng Wang , Rui Wang

Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) is widely adopted in large language models, but when applied to vision-language models (VLMs) it couples text and image position indices and can introduce spurious cross-modal relative-position bias. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Chengcheng Wang , Jianyuan Guo , Hongguang Li , Yuchuan Tian , Ying Nie , Chang Xu , Kai Han

Position embedding is a core component of current Large Language Models (LLMs). Rotary position embedding (RoPE), a technique that encodes the position information with a rotation matrix, has been the de facto choice for position embedding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Xin Men , Mingyu Xu , Bingning Wang , Qingyu Zhang , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Weipeng Chen

This paper addresses the challenge of train-short-test-long (TSTL) scenarios in Large Language Models (LLMs) equipped with Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE), where models pre-trained on shorter sequences face difficulty with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Suyuchen Wang , Ivan Kobyzev , Peng Lu , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Bang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to have limited extrapolation ability beyond their pre-trained context window, constraining their application in downstream tasks with lengthy inputs. Recent studies have sought to extend LLMs' context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Yikai Zhang , Junlong Li , Pengfei Liu

Enabling LLMs to handle lengthy context is currently a research hotspot. Most LLMs are built upon rotary position embedding (RoPE), a popular position encoding method. Therefore, a prominent path is to extrapolate the RoPE trained on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Meizhi Zhong , Chen Zhang , Yikun Lei , Xikai Liu , Yan Gao , Yao Hu , Kehai Chen , Min Zhang

Rotary Positional Encoding (RoPE) is widely used in modern large language models. However, when sequences are extended beyond the range seen during training, rotary phases can enter out-of-distribution regimes, leading to spurious…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Riccardo Ali , Alessio Borgi , Christopher Irwin , Mario Severino , Pietro Liò

We identify intrinsic limitations of Rotary Positional Embeddings (RoPE) in Transformer-based long-context language models. Our theoretical analysis abstracts away from the specific content of the context and depends only on its length. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yufeng Du , Phillip Harris , Minyang Tian , Eliu A Huerta , Srikanth Ronanki , Subendhu Rongali , Aram Galstyan , Hao Peng

Positional encoding is a vital component of Transformer architectures, enabling models to incorporate sequence order into self-attention mechanisms. Rotary Positional Embeddings (RoPE) have become a widely adopted solution due to their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Ali Veisi , Delaram Fartoot , Hamidreza Amirzadeh

Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) is an efficient position encoding approach and is widely utilized in numerous large language models (LLMs). Recently, a lot of methods have been put forward to further expand the context window based on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Wenqiao Zhu , Chao Xu , Lulu Wang , Jun Wu

Accurate and efficient modeling of agent interactions is essential for trajectory generation, the core of autonomous driving systems. Existing methods, scene-centric, agent-centric, and query-centric frameworks, each present distinct…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Jianbo Zhao , Taiyu Ban , Zhihao Liu , Hangning Zhou , Xiyang Wang , Qibin Zhou , Hailong Qin , Mu Yang , Lei Liu , Bin Li

Large language models (LLMs) experience significant performance degradation when the input exceeds the pretraining context window, primarily due to the out-of-distribution (OOD) behavior of Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE). Recent studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Sikui Zhang , Guangze Gao , Ziyun Gan , Chunfeng Yuan , Zefeng Lin , Houwen Peng , Bing Li , Weiming Hu

Addressing the limitation of context length in large language models for code-related tasks is the primary focus of this paper. Existing LLMs are constrained by their pre-trained context lengths, leading to performance issues in handling…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Kechi Zhang , Ge Li , Huangzhao Zhang , Zhi Jin

The Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) is widely used in the attention heads of many large language models (LLM). It rotates dimensions in the query and the key vectors by different angles according to their positions in the input sequence.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Ting-Rui Chiang , Dani Yogatama
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