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Modern autonomous systems with machine learning components often use uncertainty quantification to help produce assurances about system operation. However, there is a lack of consensus in the community on what uncertainty is and how to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-27 Sampada Deglurkar , Haotian Shen , Anish Muthali , Marco Pavone , Dragos Margineantu , Peter Karkus , Boris Ivanovic , Claire J. Tomlin

Transfer learning has recently become the dominant paradigm of machine learning. Pre-trained models fine-tuned for downstream tasks achieve better performance with fewer labelled examples. Nonetheless, it remains unclear how to develop…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Jonas Pfeiffer , Sebastian Ruder , Ivan Vulić , Edoardo Maria Ponti

Complex systems' modeling and simulation are powerful ways to investigate a multitude of natural phenomena providing extended knowledge on their structure and behavior. However, enhanced modeling and simulation require integration of…

Complexity in engineered systems presents one of the most persistent challenges in modern development since it is driving cost overruns, schedule delays, and outright project failures. Yet while architectural complexity has been studied,…

Existing procedures for model validation have been deemed inadequate for many engineering systems. The reason of this inadequacy is due to the high degree of complexity of the mechanisms that govern these systems. It is proposed in this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 A. Guergachi

The harsh environment imposes a unique set of challenges on networking strategies. In such circumstances, the environmental impact on network resources and long-time unattended maintenance has not been well investigated yet. To address…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Jiaqi Zou , Rui Liu , Chenwei Wang , Yuanhao Cui , Zixuan Zou , Songlin Sun , Koichi Adachi

By default neural networks are not robust to changes in data distribution. This has been demonstrated with simple image corruptions, such as blurring or adding noise, degrading image classification performance. Many methods have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Ian Mason , Anirban Sarkar , Tomotake Sasaki , Xavier Boix

Systems design processes are increasingly reliant on simulation models to inform design decisions. A pervasive issue within the systems engineering community is trusting in the models used to make decisions about complex systems. This work…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Edward Louis , Gregory Mocko , Evan Taylor

In safety-critical deep learning applications, robustness measures the ability of neural models that handle imperceptible perturbations in input data, which may lead to potential safety hazards. Existing pre-deployment robustness assessment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Wenchuan Mu , Kwan Hui Lim

While modern deep networks have demonstrated remarkable versatility, their training dynamics remain poorly understood--often driven more by empirical tweaks than architectural insight. This paper investigates how internal structural choices…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Saleh Nikooroo , Thomas Engel

Building trustworthy, effective, and responsible machine learning systems hinges on understanding how differences in training data and modeling decisions interact to impact predictive performance. In this work, we seek to better understand…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Esther Rolf , Ben Packer , Alex Beutel , Fernando Diaz

Understanding material failure is critical for designing stronger and lighter structures by identifying weaknesses that could be mitigated. Existing full-physics numerical simulation techniques involve trade-offs between speed, accuracy,…

It has long been believed that the brain is highly modular both in terms of structure and function, although recent evidence has led some to question the extent of both types of modularity. We used artificial neural networks to test the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-15 Gabriel Béna , Dan F. M. Goodman

Model editing, the process of efficiently modifying factual knowledge in pre-trained language models, is critical for maintaining their accuracy and relevance. However, existing editing methods often introduce unintended side effects,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Tsung-Hsuan Pan , Chung-Chi Chen , Hen-Hsen Huang , Hsin-Hsi Chen

Reward Models (RMs) are key components for evaluating and guiding language model outputs. However, traditional scalar RMs often struggle with incorporating contextual and background information during inference, leading to incomplete…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Xiaoyu Liu , Di Liang , Chang Dai , Hongyu Shan , Peiyang Liu , Yonghao Liu , Muling Wu , Yuntao Li , Xianjie Wu , LI Miao , Jiangrong Shen , Minlong Peng

The adoption of machine learning (ML) components in software systems raises new engineering challenges. In particular, the inherent uncertainty regarding functional suitability and the operation environment makes architecture evaluation and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Alex Serban , Erik Poll , Joost Visser

In recent years, probabilistic forecasts techniques were proposed in research as well as in applications to integrate volatile renewable energy resources into the electrical grid. These techniques allow decision makers to take the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-30 Jens Schreiber , Bernhard Sick

Machine learning continues to emerge as an important tool to be utilised within structural engineering and structural health monitoring, due to its ability to accurately and quickly perform both regression and classification tasks. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Daisy R Bradley , Elizabeth J Cross

Many complex engineering systems consist of multiple subsystems that are developed by different teams of engineers. To analyse, simulate and control such complex systems, accurate yet computationally efficient models are required. Modular…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-02 Lars A. L. Janssen , Bart Besselink , Rob H. B. Fey , Nathan van de Wouw

Content moderation is often performed by a collaboration between humans and machine learning models. However, it is not well understood how to design the collaborative process so as to maximize the combined moderator-model system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Ian D. Kivlichan , Zi Lin , Jeremiah Liu , Lucy Vasserman