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Despite its huge number of variants, standard Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is still a dominant technique for parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT). Nonetheless, it faces persistent challenges, including the pre-selection of an optimal rank…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Ivan Vulić , Adam Grycner , Quentin de Laroussilhe , Jonas Pfeiffer

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in adapting to downstream tasks through fine-tuning. Federated Learning (FL) extends this capability by enabling collaborative fine-tuning across distributed clients…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Zikai Zhang , Rui Hu , Jiahao Xu

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a widely adopted parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) method for Large Language Models (LLMs), but it still incurs notable overhead and suffers from parameter interference in complex datasets. While recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Chunlin Tian , Xuyang Wei , Huanrong Liu , Zhijiang Guo , Li Li

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed with task-specific adapters catering to multiple downstream applications. In such a scenario, the additional compute associated with these apparently insignificant number of adapter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Dhananjaya Gowda , Seoha Song , Harshith Goka , Junhyun Lee

We study the computational limits of Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) for finetuning transformer-based models using fine-grained complexity theory. Our key observation is that the existence of low-rank decompositions within the gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Jerry Yao-Chieh Hu , Maojiang Su , En-Jui Kuo , Zhao Song , Han Liu

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for adapting large-scale pre-trained models to downstream tasks with minimal additional parameters. Among PEFT methods, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) stands out for its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Nghiem T. Diep , Dung Le , Tuan Truong , Tan Dinh , Huy Nguyen , Nhat Ho

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a widely adopted parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) method validated across NLP and CV domains. However, LoRA faces an inherent low-rank bottleneck: narrowing its performance gap with full finetuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Haonan Dong , Wenhao Zhu , Guojie Song , Liang Wang

Human Activity Recognition is a foundational task in pervasive computing. While recent advances in self-supervised learning and transformer-based architectures have significantly improved HAR performance, adapting large pretrained models to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Irina Seregina , Philippe Lalanda , German Vega

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) has become an essential approach for adapting large-scale pre-trained models while reducing computational costs. Among PEFT methods, LoRA significantly reduces trainable parameters by decomposing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Jiancheng Zhao , Xingda Yu , Zhen Yang

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a crucial method for efficiently fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), with its effectiveness influenced by two key factors: rank selection and weight initialization. While numerous LoRA variants have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Haonan He , Peng Ye , Yuchen Ren , Yuan Yuan , Luyang Zhou , Shucun Ju , Lei Chen

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a popular technique for efficient fine-tuning of foundation models. However, applying LoRA in federated learning environments, where data is distributed across multiple clients, presents unique challenges.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Raghav Singhal , Kaustubh Ponkshe , Praneeth Vepakomma

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a standard tool for parameter-efficient finetuning of large models. While it induces a small memory footprint, its training dynamics can be surprisingly complex as they depend on several hyperparameters such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Nan Chen , Soledad Villar , Soufiane Hayou

In this paper, we show that Low Rank Adaptation (LoRA) as originally introduced in Hu et al. (2021) leads to suboptimal finetuning of models with large width (embedding dimension). This is due to the fact that adapter matrices A and B in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Soufiane Hayou , Nikhil Ghosh , Bin Yu

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as one of the most widely used parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods for adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks. While highly effective in single-task settings, it struggles…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Bo Cheng , Xu Wang , Jinda Liu , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

Training large models ranging from millions to billions of parameters is highly resource-intensive, requiring significant time, compute, and memory. It is observed that most of the learning (higher change in weights) takes place in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Krishu K Thapa , Reet Barik , Krishna Teja Chitty-Venkata , Murali Emani , Venkatram Vishwanath

Recently, pre-trained model and efficient parameter tuning have achieved remarkable success in natural language processing and high-level computer vision with the aid of masked modeling and prompt tuning. In low-level computer vision,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Donwon Park , Hayeon Kim , Se Young Chun

Fine-tuning large-scale pre-trained models is inherently a resource-intensive task. While it can enhance the capabilities of the model, it also incurs substantial computational costs, posing challenges to the practical application of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Yulong Mao , Kaiyu Huang , Changhao Guan , Ganglin Bao , Fengran Mo , Jinan Xu

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) dominates parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large language models, yet most variants target dense architectures. Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models scale parameters at near-constant per-token compute, and their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Jia Wei , Zhonghao Zhang , Ping Chen , Qianyang li , Yancheng Pan , Shaoxun Wang , Ziyi Qiu , Longxiang Wang

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods, such as LoRA, reduces the number of trainable parameters. However, they often suffer from scalability issues and differences between their learning pattern and full fine-tuning. To overcome these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Hamid Nasiri , Peter Garraghan

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is a parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) method widely used in large language models (LLMs). LoRA essentially describes the projection of an input space into a low-dimensional output space, with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Shiwei Li , Xiandi Luo , Haozhao Wang , Xing Tang , Ziqiang Cui , Dugang Liu , Yuhua Li , Xiuqiang He , Ruixuan Li