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Gaze recognition can significantly reduce the amount of eye movement data for a better understanding of cognitive and visual processing. Gaze recognition is an essential precondition for eye-based interaction applications in virtual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Xiao-lin Chen , Wen-jun Hou

We conducted an eye-tracking user study with 13 participants to investigate the influence of stimulus-question ordering and question modality on participants using visual question-answering (VQA) tasks. We examined cognitive load, task…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Sita A. Vriend , Sandeep Vidyapu , Amer Rama , Kun-Ting Chen , Daniel Weiskopf

In this study, a novel eye tracking system using a visual camera is developed to extract human's gaze, and it can be used in modern game machines to bring new and innovative interactive experience to players. Central to the components of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Manh Duong Phung , Cong Hoang Quach , Quang Vinh Tran

Previous studies have shown that eye movement data recorded at 1000 Hz can be used to authenticate individuals. This study explores the effectiveness of eye movement-based biometrics (EMB) by utilizing data from an eye-tracking (ET)-enabled…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Mehedi Hasan Raju , Dillon J Lohr , Oleg V Komogortsev

We present FACESEC, a framework for fine-grained robustness evaluation of face recognition systems. FACESEC evaluation is performed along four dimensions of adversarial modeling: the nature of perturbation (e.g., pixel-level or face…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Liang Tong , Zhengzhang Chen , Jingchao Ni , Wei Cheng , Dongjin Song , Haifeng Chen , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik

Active authentication is the problem of continuously verifying the identity of a person based on behavioral aspects of their interaction with a computing device. In this study, we collect and analyze behavioral biometrics data from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Lex Fridman , Steven Weber , Rachel Greenstadt , Moshe Kam

Extended Reality (XR) technologies are becoming integral to daily life. However, password-based authentication in XR disrupts immersion due to poor usability, as entering credentials with XR controllers is cumbersome and error-prone. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Matin Fallahi , Patricia Arias-Cabarcos , Thorsten Strufe

Biometric data contains distinctive human traits such as facial features or gait patterns. The use of biometric data permits an individuation so exact that the data is utilized effectively in identification and authentication systems. But…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Simon Hanisch , Julian Todt , Jose Patino , Nicholas Evans , Thorsten Strufe

Automatic assessment and evaluation of team performance during collaborative tasks is key to the learning analytics and computer-supported cooperative work research. There is a growing interest in the use of gaze-oriented cues for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Zang Guo , Roghayeh Barmaki

The issues of both system security and safety can be dissected integrally from the perspective of behavioral \emph{appropriateness}. That is, a system is secure or safe can be judged by whether the behavior of certain agent(s) is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Cheng Wang , Hao Tang , Hangyu Zhu , Junhan Zheng , Changjun Jiang

Formal software testing education is important for building efficient QA professionals. Various aspects of quality assurance approaches are usually covered in courses for training software testing students. Automated Test Tools is one of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Susmita Haldar , Mary Pierce , Luiz Fernando Capretz

Eye Tracking (ET) can help to understand visual attention and cognitive processes in interactive environments. In attention tasks, distinguishing between relevant target objects and distractors is crucial for effective performance, yet the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Abdul Rehman , Ilona Heldal , Jerry Chun-Wei Lin

Several studies have reported that biometric identification based on eye movement characteristics can be used for authentication. This paper provides an extensive study of user identification via eye movements across multiple datasets based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Sahar Mahdie Klim Al Zaidawi , Martin H. U. Prinzler , Jonas Lührs , Sebastian Maneth

Current supervised deep learning frameworks rely on annotated data for modeling the underlying data distribution of a given task. In particular for computer vision algorithms powered by deep learning, the quality of annotated data is the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Joseph Nassar , Viveca Pavon-Harr , Marc Bosch , Ian McCulloh

Eye gaze is an important non-verbal cue for human affect analysis. Recent gaze estimation work indicated that information from the full face region can benefit performance. Pushing this idea further, we propose an appearance-based method…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Xucong Zhang , Yusuke Sugano , Mario Fritz , Andreas Bulling

We tackle the problem of predicting saliency maps for videos of dynamic scenes. We note that the accuracy of the maps reconstructed from the gaze data of a fixed number of observers varies with the frame, as it depends on the content of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Ekta Prashnani , Orazio Gallo , Joohwan Kim , Josef Spjut , Pradeep Sen , Iuri Frosio

Humans are remarkably adept at interpreting the gaze direction of other individuals in their surroundings. This skill is at the core of the ability to engage in joint visual attention, which is essential for establishing social…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-11-30 Daniel Harari , Tao Gao , Nancy Kanwisher , Joshua Tenenbaum , Shimon Ullman

The recognition performance of biometric systems strongly depends on the quality of the compared biometric samples. Motivated by the goal of establishing a common understanding of face image quality and enabling system interoperability, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Marcel Grimmer , Raymond N. J. Veldhuis , Christoph Busch

Gaze behaviour has been used as a way to gather cognitive information for a number of years. In this paper, we discuss the use of gaze behaviour in solving different tasks in natural language processing (NLP) without having to record it at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Sandeep Mathias , Diptesh Kanojia , Abhijit Mishra , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Bio-features are fast becoming a key tool to authenticate the IoT devices; in this sense, the purpose of this investigation is to summaries the factors that hinder biometrics models' development and deployment on a large scale, including…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-29 Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Leandros Maglaras , Abdelouahid Derhab