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In this paper, we show that while almost all functions require exponential size branching programs to compute, for all functions $f$ there is a branching program computing a doubly exponential number of copies of $f$ which has linear size…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-02-23 Aaron Potechin

We study limitations of polynomials computed by depth two circuits built over read-once polynomials (ROPs) and depth three syntactically multi-linear formulas. We prove an exponential lower bound for the size of the $\Sigma\Pi^{[N^{1/30}]}$…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-12-14 C. Ramya , B. V. Raghavendra Rao

New and old results on closed polynomials, i.e., such polynomials f in K[x_1,...,x_n] that the subalgebra K[f] is integrally closed in K[x_1,...,x_n], are collected. Using some properties of closed polynomials we prove the following…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2009-08-22 Ivan V. Arzhantsev , Anatoliy P. Petravchuk

In this paper, we prove super-polynomial lower bounds for the model of \emph{sum of ordered set-multilinear algebraic branching programs}, each with a possibly different ordering ($\sum \mathsf{smABP}$). Specifically, we give an explicit…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Prerona Chatterjee , Deepanshu Kush , Shubhangi Saraf , Amir Shpilka

In a sequence of seminal results in the 80's, Kaltofen showed that the complexity class VP is closed under taking factors. A natural question in this context is to understand if other natural classes of multivariate polynomials, for…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-03-19 Chi-Ning Chou , Mrinal Kumar , Noam Solomon

It is known that there are classes of 2-CNFs requiring exponential size non-deterministic read-once branching programs to compute them. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no superpolynomial lower bounds for branching programs…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-05-17 Igor Razgon

Since the breakthrough superpolynomial multilinear formula lower bounds of Raz (Theory of Computing 2006), proving such lower bounds against multilinear algebraic branching programs (mABPs) has been a longstanding open problem in algebraic…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Deepanshu Kush

We investigate deep composite polynomial approximations of continuous but non-differentiable functions with algebraic cusp singularities. The functions in focus consist of finitely many cusp terms of the form $|x-a_j|^{\alpha_j}$ with…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-01 Kingsley Yeon , Steven B. Damelin , Michael Werman

We provide an internal characterization of those finite algebras (i.e., algebraic structures) $\mathbf A$ such that the number of homomorphisms from any finite algebra $\mathbf X$ to $\mathbf A$ is bounded from above by a polynomial in the…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2023-07-14 Libor Barto , Antoine Mottet

Polynomials which afford nonnegative, real-rooted symmetric decompositions have been investigated recently in algebraic, enumerative and geometric combinatorics. Br\"and\'en and Solus have given sufficient conditions under which the image…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-08 Christos A. Athanasiadis , Eleni Tzanaki

We investigate algebraic and arithmetic properties of a class of sequences of sparse polynomials that have binomial coefficients both as exponents and as coefficients. In addition to divisibility and irreducibility results we also consider…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-09-27 Karl Dilcher , Maciej Ulas

Loop invariants are properties of a program loop that hold before and after each iteration of the loop. They are often employed to verify programs and ensure that algorithms consistently produce correct results during execution.…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Erdenebayar Bayarmagnai , Fatemeh Mohammadi , Rémi Prébet

In this paper, we study the structure of set-multilinear arithmetic circuits and set-multilinear branching programs with the aim of showing lower bound results. We define some natural restrictions of these models for which we are able to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-11-10 V. Arvind , S. Raja

We exhibit an algorithm to compute the strongest polynomial (or algebraic) invariants that hold at each location of a given affine program (i.e., a program having only non-deterministic (as opposed to conditional) branching and all of whose…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-05-03 Ehud Hrushovski , Joël Ouaknine , Amaury Pouly , James Worrell

It has been recently shown that $|| F_n(A) ||\leq 2$, where $A$ is a linear continuous operator acting in a Hilbert space, and $F_n$ is the Faber polynomial of degree $n$ corresponding to some convex compact $E\subset \mathbb C$ containing…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2013-10-07 Bernhard Beckermann , Michel Crouzeix

We study the images of polynomial maps over algebraically closed division rings. Our first result generalizes the classical Ax-Grothendieck theorem: We show that if $ f_1, \ldots, f_m $ are elements of the free associative algebra $…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-05-13 Elad Paran , Tran Nam Son

Polynomial factorization is a fundamental problem in computational algebra. Over the past half century, a variety of algorithmic techniques have been developed to tackle different variants of this problem. In parallel, algebraic complexity…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-06-25 C. S. Bhargav , Prateek Dwivedi , Nitin Saxena

We prove that, if f:R^n\to R satisfies Fr\'echet's functional equation and f(x_1,...,x_n) is not an ordinary algebraic polynomial in the variables x_1,...,x_n, then f is unbounded on all non-empty open set U of R^n. Furthermore, the closure…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2014-01-21 J. M. Almira , Kh. F. Abu-Helaiel

We show that the GCD of two univariate polynomials can be computed by (piece-wise) algebraic circuits of constant depth and polynomial size over any sufficiently large field, regardless of the characteristic. This extends a recent result of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Somnath Bhattacharjee , Mrinal Kumar , Shanthanu Rai , Varun Ramanathan , Ramprasad Saptharishi , Shubhangi Saraf

Many Properties of a category X, as for instance the existence of an adjoint or a factorization system, are a consequence of the cowellpoweredness of X. In the absence of cowellpoweredness, for general results, fairly strong assumption on…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Vishvajit V. S. Gautam