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Large Language Models (LLMs) perform best with well-crafted prompts, yet prompt engineering remains manual, inconsistent, and inaccessible to non-experts. We introduce Promptomatix, an automatic prompt optimization framework that transforms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Rithesh Murthy , Ming Zhu , Liangwei Yang , Jielin Qiu , Juntao Tan , Shelby Heinecke , Caiming Xiong , Silvio Savarese , Huan Wang

System prompts provide a lightweight yet powerful mechanism for conditioning large language models (LLMs) at inference time. While prior work has focused on English-only settings, real-world deployments benefit from having a single prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Lechen Zhang , Yusheng Zhou , Tolga Ergen , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Moontae Lee , David Jurgens

Natural-language prompts have recently been used to coax pretrained language models into performing other AI tasks, using a fill-in-the-blank paradigm (Petroni et al., 2019) or a few-shot extrapolation paradigm (Brown et al., 2020). For…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Guanghui Qin , Jason Eisner

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in a wide range of natural language processing tasks and can be adapted through prompting. However, they remain suboptimal in multi-turn interactions, often relying on incorrect…

We characterize and demonstrate how the principles of direct manipulation can improve interaction with large language models. This includes: continuous representation of generated objects of interest; reuse of prompt syntax in a toolbar of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Damien Masson , Sylvain Malacria , Géry Casiez , Daniel Vogel

From the earliest years of our lives, humans use language to express our beliefs and desires. Being able to talk to artificial agents about our preferences would thus fulfill a central goal of value alignment. Yet today, we lack…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Theodore R Sumers , Robert D Hawkins , Mark K Ho , Thomas L Griffiths , Dylan Hadfield-Menell

Imitation learning is a popular approach for teaching motor skills to robots. However, most approaches focus on extracting policy parameters from execution traces alone (i.e., motion trajectories and perceptual data). No adequate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Simon Stepputtis , Joseph Campbell , Mariano Phielipp , Stefan Lee , Chitta Baral , Heni Ben Amor

Prompt engineering has emerged as a powerful technique for guiding large language models (LLMs) toward desired responses, significantly enhancing their performance across diverse tasks. Beyond their role as static predictors, LLMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Ryumei Nakada , Wenlong Ji , Tianxi Cai , James Zou , Linjun Zhang

Making language models bigger does not inherently make them better at following a user's intent. For example, large language models can generate outputs that are untruthful, toxic, or simply not helpful to the user. In other words, these…

Much literature has shown that prompt-based learning is an efficient method to make use of the large pre-trained language model. Recent works also exhibit the possibility of steering a chatbot's output by plugging in an appropriate prompt.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Hsuan Su , Pohan Chi , Shih-Cheng Huang , Chung Ho Lam , Saurav Sahay , Shang-Tse Chen , Hung-yi Lee

The groundbreaking capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) offer new opportunities for enhancing human-computer interaction through emotion-adaptive Artificial Intelligence (AI). However, deliberately controlling the sentiment in these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Kerstin Sahler , Sophie Jentzsch

System prompts in Large Language Models (LLMs) are predefined directives that guide model behaviour, taking precedence over user inputs in text processing and generation. LLM deployers increasingly use them to ensure consistent responses…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Anna Neumann , Elisabeth Kirsten , Muhammad Bilal Zafar , Jatinder Singh

We are increasingly surrounded by artificially intelligent technology that takes decisions and executes actions on our behalf. This creates a pressing need for general means to communicate with, instruct and guide artificial agents, with…

The evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) has rendered the boundary between humanity and computational machinery increasingly ambiguous. In the presence of more interwoven relationships within human-machine symbiosis, the very notion of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Ching-Chun Chang , Yuchen Guo , Hanrui Wang , Timo Spinde , Isao Echizen

Prompt engineering is an increasingly important skill set needed to converse effectively with large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT. Prompts are instructions given to an LLM to enforce rules, automate processes, and ensure specific…

High-level human instructions often correspond to behaviors with multiple implicit steps. In order for robots to be useful in the real world, they must be able to to reason over both motions and intermediate goals implied by human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-21 Chris Paxton , Yonatan Bisk , Jesse Thomason , Arunkumar Byravan , Dieter Fox

Prevailing methods for mapping large generative language models to supervised tasks may fail to sufficiently probe models' novel capabilities. Using GPT-3 as a case study, we show that 0-shot prompts can significantly outperform few-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Laria Reynolds , Kyle McDonell

In recent years, reinforcement learning and imitation learning have shown great potential for controlling humanoid robots' motion. However, these methods typically create simulation environments and rewards for specific tasks, resulting in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Jingkai Sun , Qiang Zhang , Yiqun Duan , Xiaoyang Jiang , Chong Cheng , Renjing Xu

Automating science laboratories enables faster, safer, more accurate, and more reproducible execution of protocols, accelerating the discovery and testing of new materials, drugs, and more. However, setting up and running autonomous labs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Angelos Angelopoulos , James F. Cahoon , Ron Alterovitz

Large language models (LLMs) enable system builders today to create competent NLP systems through prompting, where they only need to describe the task in natural language and provide a few examples. However, in other ways, LLMs are a step…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Vijay Viswanathan , Chenyang Zhao , Amanda Bertsch , Tongshuang Wu , Graham Neubig