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In multi-agent reinforcement learning, discovering successful collective behaviors is challenging as it requires exploring a joint action space that grows exponentially with the number of agents. While the tractability of independent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Julien Roy , Paul Barde , Félix G. Harvey , Derek Nowrouzezahrai , Christopher Pal

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) benchmarks commonly emphasize aggregate outcomes such as return, success rate, or completion time. While essential, these metrics often fail to reveal how agents coordinate, particularly…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Maria Ana Cardei , Matthew Landers , Afsaneh Doryab

Learning to cooperate in distributed partially observable environments with no communication abilities poses significant challenges for multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MARL). This paper addresses key concerns in this domain,…

We design a self-decision goal-oriented multiple access scheme, where sensing agents observe a common event and individually decide to communicate the event's attributes as updates to the monitoring agents, to satisfy a certain goal.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Pouya Agheli , Nikolaos Pappas , Marios Kountouris

Deep Reinforcement Learning has made significant progress in multi-agent systems in recent years. In this review article, we have focused on presenting recent approaches on Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) algorithms. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Afshin OroojlooyJadid , Davood Hajinezhad

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a crucial method for training or fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), enabling adaptive, task-specific optimizations through interactive feedback. Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Junwei Su , Chuan Wu

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) aims to develop agents that can collaborate effectively. However, most cooperative MARL methods overfit training agents, making learned policies not generalize well to unseen…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Kanefumi Matsuyama , Kefan Su , Jiangxing Wang , Deheng Ye , Zongqing Lu

Mixed incentives among a population with multiagent teams has been shown to have advantages over a fully cooperative system; however, discovering the best mixture of incentives or team structure is a difficult and dynamic problem. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-18 David Radke , Kyle Tilbury

Goal-directed interactive agents, which autonomously complete tasks through interactions with their environment, can assist humans in various domains of their daily lives. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) led to a surge of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Mareike Hartmann , Alexander Koller

In Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), specialized channels are often introduced that allow agents to communicate directly with one another. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach whereby agents communicate through an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Dianbo Liu , Vedant Shah , Oussama Boussif , Cristian Meo , Anirudh Goyal , Tianmin Shu , Michael Mozer , Nicolas Heess , Yoshua Bengio

Artificial intelligence has undergone immense growth and maturation in recent years, though autonomous systems have traditionally struggled when fielded in diverse and previously unknown environments. DARPA is seeking to change that with…

We investigate multi-agent navigation tasks, where multiple agents need to reach initially unassigned goals in a limited time. Classical planning-based methods suffer from expensive computation overhead at each step and offer limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Xinyi Yang , Xinting Yang , Chao Yu , Jiayu Chen , Wenbo Ding , Huazhong Yang , Yu Wang

Hierarchical reinforcement learning has been a compelling approach for achieving goal directed behavior over long sequences of actions. However, it has been challenging to implement in realistic or open-ended environments. A main challenge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Arun Ahuja , Kavya Kopparapu , Rob Fergus , Ishita Dasgupta

One obstacle to applying reinforcement learning algorithms to real-world problems is the lack of suitable reward functions. Designing such reward functions is difficult in part because the user only has an implicit understanding of the task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Jan Leike , David Krueger , Tom Everitt , Miljan Martic , Vishal Maini , Shane Legg

Designing effective auxiliary rewards for cooperative multi-agent systems remains challenging, as misaligned incentives can induce suboptimal coordination, particularly when sparse task rewards provide insufficient grounding for coordinated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Dogan Urgun , Gokhan Gungor

The number of agents can be an effective curriculum variable for controlling the difficulty of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) tasks. Existing work typically uses manually defined curricula such as linear schemes. We identify two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Wenshuai Zhao , Zhiyuan Li , Joni Pajarinen

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) approaches have emerged as popular solutions to address the general challenges of cooperation in multi-agent environments, where the success of achieving shared or individual goals critically…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Reza Azadeh

Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is emerging as a key framework for various sequential decision-making and control tasks. Unlike their single-agent counterparts, multi-agent systems necessitate successful cooperation among the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Jahir Sadik Monon , Deeparghya Dutta Barua , Md. Mosaddek Khan

In reinforcement learning, we typically refer to unsupervised pre-training when we aim to pre-train a policy without a priori access to the task specification, i.e. rewards, to be later employed for efficient learning of downstream tasks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Riccardo Zamboni , Mirco Mutti , Marcello Restelli

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) extends (single-agent) reinforcement learning (RL) by introducing additional agents and (potentially) partial observability of the environment. Consequently, algorithms for solving MARL problems…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Yilun Zhou , Derrik E. Asher , Nicholas R. Waytowich , Julie A. Shah
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