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A natural connection between rational functions of several real or complex variables, and subspace collections is explored. A new class of function, superfunctions, are introduced which are the counterpart to functions at the level of…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2016-02-23 Graeme W. Milton

We discuss a natural form of Ricci--flow conjugation between two distinct general relativistic data sets given on a compact $n\geq 3$-dimensional manifold $\Sigma$. We establish the existence of the relevant entropy functionals for the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-12-15 Mauro Carfora

Flow Matching has emerged as a powerful framework for learning continuous transformations between distributions, enabling high-fidelity generative modeling. This work introduces Symmetrical Flow Matching (SymmFlow), a new formulation that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Francisco Caetano , Christiaan Viviers , Peter H. N. De With , Fons van der Sommen

Rectified flow is a generative model that learns smooth transport mappings between two distributions through an ordinary differential equation (ODE). Unlike diffusion-based generative models, which require costly numerical integration of a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Shin Seong Kim , Mingi Kwon , Jaeseok Jeong , Youngjung Uh

We revisit the well-known Curve Shortening Flow for immersed curves in the $d$-dimensional Euclidean space. We exploit a fundamental structure of the problem to derive a new global construction of a solution, that is, a construction that is…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-12-01 Patrick Guidotti

Diffusion models have greatly improved visual generation but are hindered by slow generation speed due to the computationally intensive nature of solving generative ODEs. Rectified flow, a widely recognized solution, improves generation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Fu-Yun Wang , Ling Yang , Zhaoyang Huang , Mengdi Wang , Hongsheng Li

We develop a generalisation of Mercer's theorem to operator-valued kernels in infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces. We then apply our result to deduce a Karhunen-Lo\`eve theorem, valid for mean-square continuous Hilbertian functional data,…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-03-03 Leonardo V. Santoro , Kartik G. Waghmare , Victor M. Panaretos

We study the well-posedness and the spatial behavior at infinity of perfect fluid flows on $\R^d$ with initial data in a scale of weighted Sobolev spaces that allow spatial growth/decay at infinity as $|x|^\beta$ with $\beta<1/2$. In…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-02-11 Robert McOwen , Peter Topalov

Dimensional regularization of Euclidean momentum space integrals is a highly successful technique in renormalization of quantum field theories. While it yields a straightforward algorithmic method, with which to evaluate diagrams beyond…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-09-03 Juuso Österman

A generative model based on a continuous-time normalizing flow between any pair of base and target probability densities is proposed. The velocity field of this flow is inferred from the probability current of a time-dependent density that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Michael S. Albergo , Eric Vanden-Eijnden

Bifurcation phenomena in nonlinear dynamical systems often lead to multiple coexisting stable solutions, particularly in the presence of symmetry breaking. Deterministic machine learning models are unable to capture this multiplicity,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Fleur Hendriks , Ondřej Rokoš , Martin Doškář , Marc G. D. Geers , Vlado Menkovski

The design space of discrete-space diffusion or flow generative models are significantly less well-understood than their continuous-space counterparts, with many works focusing only on a simple masked construction. In this work, we aim to…

In this paper, we propose a random gradient-free method for optimization in infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces, applicable to functional optimization in diverse settings. Though such problems are often solved through finite-dimensional…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-25 Caio Lins Peixoto , Daniel Csillag , Bernardo F. P. da Costa , Yuri F. Saporito

We propose a nonlinear function-on-function regression model where both the covariate and the response are random functions. The nonlinear regression is carried out in two steps: we first construct Hilbert spaces to accommodate the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-19 Peijun Sang , Bing Li

We present a generative model that is defined on finite sets of exchangeable, potentially high dimensional, data. As the architecture is an extension of RealNVPs, it inherits all its favorable properties, such as being invertible and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Kashif Rasul , Ingmar Schuster , Roland Vollgraf , Urs Bergmann

While normalizing flows have led to significant advances in modeling high-dimensional continuous distributions, their applicability to discrete distributions remains unknown. In this paper, we show that flows can in fact be extended to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-27 Dustin Tran , Keyon Vafa , Kumar Krishna Agrawal , Laurent Dinh , Ben Poole

Controlled generation with pre-trained Diffusion and Flow Matching models has vast applications. One strategy for guiding ODE-based generative models is through optimizing a target loss $R(x_1)$ while staying close to the prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Luran Wang , Chaoran Cheng , Yizhen Liao , Yanru Qu , Ge Liu

Flow matching has recently emerged as a promising alternative to diffusion-based generative models, offering faster sampling and simpler training by learning continuous flows governed by ordinary differential equations. Despite growing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Mudit Gaur , Prashant Trivedi , Shuchin Aeron , Amrit Singh Bedi , George K. Atia , Vaneet Aggarwal

The elastic flow, which is the $L^2$-gradient flow of the elastic energy, has several applications in geometry and elasticity theory. We present stable discretizations for the elastic flow in two-dimensional Riemannian manifolds that are…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-11-01 John W. Barrett , Harald Garcke , Robert Nürnberg

Normalizing flows have received a great deal of recent attention as they allow flexible generative modeling as well as easy likelihood computation. While a wide variety of flow models have been proposed, there is little formal understanding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Zhifeng Kong , Kamalika Chaudhuri