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We model an accretion disk atmosphere and corona photoionized by a central X-ray continuum source. We calculate the opacity and radiation transfer for an array of disk radii, to obtain the two-dimensional structure of the disk and its X-ray…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. A. Jimenez-Garate , J. C. Raymond , D. A. Liedahl

We investigate the spectral features of accretion flows composed of an outer cool, optically thick disk and inner hot, optically thin, advection dominated accretion flows (ADAF) within the framework of disk and corona with mass evaporation…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-19 Erlin Qiao , B. F. Liu

We present the analysis of several observations of the black hole binary GX 339--4 during its bright intermediate states from two different outbursts (2002 and 2004), as observed by RXTE/PCA. We perform a consistent study of its reflection…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-12-09 Navin Sridhar , Javier A. García , James F. Steiner , Riley M. T. Connors , Victoria Grinberg , Fiona A. Harrison

The 2-10 keV continuum of AGN is well represented by a single power law, generally attributed to a hot comptonizing medium, such as a corona above the accretion disk. At smaller energies the continuum displays an excess with respect to the…

We present the results of self-consistent models of Compton-heated accretion disk coronae. The models are calculated using a new method for computing monochromatic radiative transfer in two-dimensions. The method splits the radiation into…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-22 Stephen D. Murray , John I. Castor , Richard I. Klein , Christopher F. McKee

We use global three dimensional radiation magneto-hydrodynamic simulations to study the properties of inner regions of accretion disks around a 5\times 10^8 solar mass black hole with mass accretion rates reaching 7% and 20% of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-08 Yan-Fei Jiang , Omer Blaes , James Stone , Shane W. Davis

The X-ray spectra of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) often exhibit an excess of emission above the primary power-law at energies <~ $2$ keV. Two models for the origin of this `soft excess' are ionized relativistic reflection from the inner…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-06-22 Xin Xiang , D. R. Ballantyne , S. Bianchi , A. De Rosa , G. Matt , R. Middei , P. -O. Petrucci , A. Rozanska , F. Ursini

The X-ray emission from bright active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is believed to originate in a hot corona lying above a cold, geometrically thin accretion disk. A highly concentrated corona located within $\sim10$ gravitational radii above the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-10-04 B. F. Liu , Ronald E. Taam , Erlin Qiao , Weimin Yuan

We apply our self-consistent accretion disk corona (ADC) model, with two different geometries, to the broad-band X-ray spectrum of the black hole candidate Cygnus X-1. As shown in a companion paper (Dove, Wilms, and Begelman), models where…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 James B. Dove , Jorn Wilms , Michael Maisack , Mitchell C. Begelman

We present detailed computations of the vertical structure of an accretion disc illuminated by hard X-ray radiation with the code {\sc titan-noar} suitable for Compton thick media. The energy generated via accretion is dissipated partially…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 A. Różańska , A. -M. Dumont , B. Czerny , S. Collin

The X-ray emitting corona irradiates and ionises the surface of the inner accretion disc in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs). The ionisation parameter of the inner disc at a radius $r$ from the black hole, $\xi(r)$, can be used to infer…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-11-08 D. R. Ballantyne

Accretion in black hole X-ray binaries is commonly believed to be supplied by the Roche lobe overflow or the stellar wind. The former is thought to form a geometrically thin disc while the diffuse wind could form a geometrically thick hot…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-19 Yilong Wang , B. F. Liu , Mingjun Liu

For accreting black holes (BHs), the lamp-post scenario is a simple and popular model: a hot and point-like corona is located above the black hole, irradiating the accretion disk with hard X-ray radiation, which is believed to be generated…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-03 Wei Meng , Yuan You , Shuang-Nan Zhang , Jia-Ying Cao

Turbulence in an accretion disk launches Alfv\'en waves (AWs) that propagate away from the disk along magnetic field lines. Because the Alfv\'en speed varies with distance from the disk, the AWs undergo partial non-WKB reflection, and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-07-18 Benjamin D. G. Chandran , Francois Foucart , Alexander Tchekhovskoy

The disk corona evaporation model extensively developed for the interpretation of observational features of black hole X-ray binaries (BHXRBs) is applied to AGNs. Since the evaporation of gas in the disk can lead to its truncation for…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-11-20 B. F. Liu , Ronald E. Taam

We construct a disk-corona model which accounts for the optical-to-X-ray spectral properties of Seyfert nuclei and QSOs. We study emission spectrum emerging from a vertical disk-corona structure composed of two-temperature plasma by solving…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Toshihiro Kawaguchi , Toshiya Shimura , Shin Mineshige

The interaction between the accretion disc and its corona plays a critical role in the energy balance and emission mechanisms in astrophysical systems such as active galactic nuclei and X-ray binaries. However, the detailed physics of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-13 Lixin Zhang , Li Xue , Jingyi Luo , Chengzhi Li

In this study, we present novel calculations of X-ray polarization from radio-quiet and unobscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs) using the Monte Carlo code MONK, which includes all general and special relativity effects. Our geometric…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-01 D. Tagliacozzo , S. Bianchi. V. Gianolli , A. Gnarini , A. Marinucci , G. Matt , F. Ursini , W. Zhang

The reflection of X-rays at the inner accretion disk around black holes imprints relativistically broadened features in the observed spectrum. Aside from the black hole properties and the ionization and density of the accretion disk, these…

The soft X-ray excess in the spectra of active galactic nuclei is characterized by similar electron temperatures of 0.1 -- 0.3 keV and similar photon indices around 2.2 -- 3, if fitted with inverse Comptonization. It remains a puzzle why…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-09-21 Norita Kawanaka , Shin Mineshige