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In recent years, deep learning has achieved unprecedented success in various computer vision tasks, particularly in object detection. However, the black-box nature and high complexity of deep neural networks pose significant challenges for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 FatemehSadat Seyedmomeni , Mohammad Ali Keyvanrad

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to improve the transparency of machine learning (ML) pipelines. We systematize the increasingly growing (but fragmented) microcosm of studies that develop and utilize XAI methods for defensive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Azqa Nadeem , Daniël Vos , Clinton Cao , Luca Pajola , Simon Dieck , Robert Baumgartner , Sicco Verwer

After decades of research, the Internet of Things (IoT) is finally permeating real-life and helps improve the efficiency of infrastructures and processes as well as our health. As a massive number of IoT devices are deployed, they naturally…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Gregor Cerar , Halil Yetgin , Blaž Bertalanič , Carolina Fortuna

When performing data classification over a stream of continuously occurring instances, a key challenge is to develop an open-world classifier that anticipates instances from an unknown class. Studies addressing this problem, typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-10 Yang Gao , Swarup Chandra , Zhuoyi Wang , Latifur Khan

Among the various types of cyberattacks, identifying zero-day attacks is problematic because they are unknown to security systems as their pattern and characteristics do not match known blacklisted attacks. There are many Machine Learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Zahra Lotfi , Mostafa Lotfi

ML-as-a-service continues to grow, and so does the need for very strong privacy guarantees. Secure inference has emerged as a potential solution, wherein cryptographic primitives allow inference without revealing users' inputs to a model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Vinod Ganesan , Anwesh Bhattacharya , Pratyush Kumar , Divya Gupta , Rahul Sharma , Nishanth Chandran

In recent years, numerous large-scale cyberattacks have exploited Internet of Things (IoT) devices, a phenomenon that is expected to escalate with the continuing proliferation of IoT technology. Despite considerable efforts in attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Alaeddine Diaf , Abdelaziz Amara Korba , Nour Elislem Karabadji , Yacine Ghamri-Doudane

The effectiveness of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) is critical in an era where cyber threats are becoming increasingly complex. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models provide an efficient and accurate solution for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Kiymet Kaya , Elif Ak , Sumeyye Bas , Berk Canberk , Sule Gunduz Oguducu

An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is vital in cybersecurity, detecting unauthorized activity across networks. With attacks on network layers increasing, stronger IDSs are needed. Yet most IDSs rely on centralized detection, forcing IoT…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Mohammad Hossein Gholamrezazadeh , AhmadReza Montazerolghaem

Cybersecurity is a domain where the data distribution is constantly changing with attackers exploring newer patterns to attack cyber infrastructure. Intrusion detection system is one of the important layers in cyber safety in today's world.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Shraddha Mane , Dattaraj Rao

Deep Learning (DL) models processing images to recognize the health state of large infrastructure components can exhibit biases and rely on non-causal shortcuts. eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) can address these issues but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Giovanni Floreale , Piero Baraldi , Enrico Zio , Olga Fink

Explainable AI (XAI) methods are frequently applied to obtain qualitative insights about deep models' predictions. However, such insights need to be interpreted by a human observer to be useful. In this paper, we aim to use explanations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Sunsheng Gu , Vahdat Abdelzad , Krzysztof Czarnecki

Machine Learning (ML) is a fundamental part of modern perception systems. In the last decade, the performance of computer vision using trained deep neural networks has outperformed previous approaches based on careful feature engineering.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Markus Borg , Ronald Jabangwe , Simon Åberg , Arvid Ekblom , Ludwig Hedlund , August Lidfeldt

Machine learning (ML) is promising in accurately detecting malicious flows in encrypted network traffic; however, it is challenging to collect a training dataset that contains a sufficient amount of encrypted malicious data with correct…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Yuqi Qing , Qilei Yin , Xinhao Deng , Yihao Chen , Zhuotao Liu , Kun Sun , Ke Xu , Jia Zhang , Qi Li

Traffic classification has various applications in today's Internet, from resource allocation, billing and QoS purposes in ISPs to firewall and malware detection in clients. Classical machine learning algorithms and deep learning models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Shahbaz Rezaei , Xin Liu

Industry 5.0, which focuses on human and Artificial Intelligence (AI) collaboration for performing different tasks in manufacturing, involves a higher number of robots, Internet of Things (IoTs) devices and interconnections,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Naseem Khan , Kashif Ahmad , Aref Al Tamimi , Mohammed M. Alani , Amine Bermak , Issa Khalil

This study uses various models to address network traffic classification, categorizing traffic into web, browsing, IPSec, backup, and email. We collected a comprehensive dataset from Arbor Edge Defender (AED) devices, comprising of 30,959…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Ahmad Antari , Yazan Abo-Aisheh , Jehad Shamasneh , Huthaifa I. Ashqar

With the wide application of IoT and industrial IoT technologies, the network structure is becoming more and more complex, and the traffic scale is growing rapidly, which makes the traditional security protection mechanism face serious…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Qiuyan Xiang , Shuang Wu , Dongze Wu , Yuxin Liu , Zhenkai Qin

The IoT facilitates a connected, intelligent, and sustainable society; therefore, it is imperative to protect the IoT ecosystem. The IoT-based 5G and 6G will leverage the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence (ML/AI) more to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Sushil Shakya , Robert Abbas , Sasa Maric

Optical flow is a fundamental technique for motion estimation, widely applied in video stabilization, interpolation, and object tracking. Traditional optical flow estimation methods rely on restrictive assumptions like brightness constancy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Yu-Hsi Chen , Chin-Tien Wu