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Neural audio codecs, neural networks which compress a waveform into discrete tokens, play a crucial role in the recent development of audio generative models. State-of-the-art codecs rely on the end-to-end training of an autoencoder and a…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Zineb Lahrichi , Gaëtan Hadjeres , Gael Richard , Geoffroy Peeters

Neural autoencoders underpin generative models. Practical, large-scale use of neural autoencoders for generative modeling necessitates fast encoding, low latent rates, and a single model across representations. Existing approaches are…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Jonah Casebeer , Ge Zhu , Zhepei Wang , Nicholas J. Bryan

Efficient audio representations in a compressed continuous latent space are critical for generative audio modeling and Music Information Retrieval (MIR) tasks. However, some existing audio autoencoders have limitations, such as multi-stage…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Marco Pasini , Stefan Lattner , George Fazekas

Efficiently compressing high-dimensional audio signals into a compact and informative latent space is crucial for various tasks, including generative modeling and music information retrieval (MIR). Existing audio autoencoders, however,…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Marco Pasini , Stefan Lattner , George Fazekas

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced audio processing through audio codecs that convert audio into discrete tokens, enabling the application of language modelling techniques to audio data. However, traditional codecs…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Haohe Liu , Xuenan Xu , Yi Yuan , Mengyue Wu , Wenwu Wang , Mark D. Plumbley

Generative modeling has recently achieved remarkable success across text, image, and audio domains, demonstrating powerful capabilities for unified representation learning. However, audio generation models still face challenges in terms of…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Chengwei Liu , Haoyin Yan , Shaofei Xue , Xiaotao Liang , Yinghao Liu , Zheng Xue , Gang Song , Boyang Zhou

In low-bitrate speech coding, end-to-end speech coding networks aim to learn compact yet expressive features and a powerful decoder in a single network. A challenging problem as such results in unwelcome complexity increase and inferior…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-16 Haici Yang , Inseon Jang , Minje Kim

Neural audio codecs have made significant strides in efficiently mapping raw audio waveforms into discrete token representations, which are foundational for contemporary audio generative models. However, most existing codecs are optimized…

High-fidelity neural audio codecs in Text-to-speech (TTS) aim to compress speech signals into discrete representations for faithful reconstruction. However, prior approaches faced challenges in effectively disentangling acoustic and…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ruonan Zhang , Xiaoyang Hao , Yichen Han , Junjie Cao , Yue Liu , Kai Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced audio generation through discrete representation learning. However, most existing neural codecs focus on speech and emphasize reconstruction fidelity, overlooking unified low frame rate modeling…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Jingbin Hu , Haoyu Zhang , Dake Guo , Qirui Zhan , Wenhao Li , Huakang Chen , Guobin Ma , Hanke Xie , Chengyou Wang , Pengyuan Xie , Chuan Xie , Qiang Zhang , Lei Xie

In audio processing applications, the generation of expressive sounds based on high-level representations demonstrates a high demand. These representations can be used to manipulate the timbre and influence the synthesis of creative…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Anastasia Natsiou , Luca Longo , Sean O'Leary

We introduce a state-of-the-art real-time, high-fidelity, audio codec leveraging neural networks. It consists in a streaming encoder-decoder architecture with quantized latent space trained in an end-to-end fashion. We simplify and speed-up…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-25 Alexandre Défossez , Jade Copet , Gabriel Synnaeve , Yossi Adi

Universal audio codecs learn entangled representations across audio types, whereas some specific codecs offer decoupled representations but are limited to speech. Real-world audio, however, often contains mixed speech and background sounds,…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Xiaoxue Luo , Jinwei Huang , Runyan Yang , Yingying Gao , Junlan Feng , Chao Deng , Shilei Zhang

Neural codecs have demonstrated strong performance in high-fidelity compression of audio signals at low bitrates. The token-based representations produced by these codecs have proven particularly useful for generative modeling. While much…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-16 Patrick O'Reilly , Prem Seetharaman , Jiaqi Su , Zeyu Jin , Bryan Pardo

Audio coding is an essential module in the real-time communication system. Neural audio codecs can compress audio samples with a low bitrate due to the strong modeling and generative capabilities of deep neural networks. To address the poor…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Wenzhe Liu , Wei Xiao , Meng Wang , Shan Yang , Yupeng Shi , Yuyong Kang , Dan Su , Shidong Shang , Dong Yu

Speech tokenizers serve as foundational components for speech language models, yet current designs exhibit several limitations, including: 1) dependence on multi-layer residual vector quantization structures or high frame rates, 2) reliance…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Yuancheng Wang , Dekun Chen , Xueyao Zhang , Junan Zhang , Jiaqi Li , Zhizheng Wu

Learned image compression methods have shown impressive performance but are often highly specialized for either human perception or specific machine vision tasks. This specialization limits their versatility and requires costly retraining…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jinming Liu , Yuntao Wei , Junyan Lin , Shengyang Zhao , Heming Sun , Zhibo Chen , Wenjun Zeng , Xin Jin

Discrete speech tokenization is a fundamental component in speech codecs. However, in large-scale speech-to-speech systems, the complexity of parallel streams from multiple quantizers and the computational cost of high-time-dimensional…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Rongkun Xue , Yazhe Niu , Shuai Hu , Zixin Yin , Yongqiang Yao , Jing Yang

Speech tokenization enables discrete representation and facilitates speech language modeling. However, existing neural codecs capture low-level acoustic features, overlooking the semantic and contextual cues inherent to human speech. While…

While existing speech audio codecs designed for compression exploit limited forms of temporal redundancy and allow for multi-scale representations, they tend to represent all features of audio in the same way. In contrast, generative voice…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Ryan Collette , Ross Greenwood , Serena Nicoll
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