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Topological defects play a key role in nonequilibrium phase transitions, ranging from birth of the early universe to quantum critical behavior of ultracold atoms. In solids, transient defects are known to generate a variety of hidden orders…
We theoretically investigate the motion of a domain wall and a vortex in type-II superconductors driven by inhomogeneities of temperature or spin density. The model consists of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation and the…
Thinking of the flow through biological or technical valves, there is a variety of applications in which the topology of a fluid domain changes over time. This topology change is characteristic for the physical behaviour, but poses a…
We describe a time lens to expand the dynamic range of photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV) systems. The principle and preliminary design of a time-lens PDV (TL-PDV) are explained and shown to be feasible through simulations. In a PDV system,…
Engineering synthetic dimensions, where the physics of additional spatial dimensions is simulated within the internal states of a quantum system, allows the realisation of phenomena not otherwise accessible in experiments. Ultracold…
We develop methods to probe the excitation spectrum of topological phases of matter in two spatial dimensions. Applying these to the Fibonacci string nets perturbed away from exact solvability, we analyze a topological phase transition…
We study structure formation in two-dimensional turbulence driven by an external force, interpolating between linear instability forcing and random stirring, subject to nonlinear damping. Using extensive direct numerical simulations, we…
The transport of energy through 1-dimensional (1D) waveguiding channels can be affected by sub-wavelength disorder, resulting in undesirable localization and backscattering phenomena. However, quantized disorder-resilient transport is…
Charge density wave (CDW) formation in two-dimensional materials is governed by complex competing lattice instabilities that remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigate the structural evolution of monolayer $\mathrm{1T-VSe}_{2}$…
The layered transition metal dichalcogenides host a rich collection of charge density wave (CDW) phases in which both the conduction electrons and the atomic structure display translational symmetry breaking. Manipulating these complex…
Topological orders emerge in both microscopic quantum dynamics and macroscopic materials as a fundamental principle to characterize intricate properties in nature with vital significance, for instance, the Landau levels of electron systems…
Photons play essential roles in fundamental physics and practical technologies. They have become one of the attractive informaiton carriers for quantum computation and quantum simulation. Recently, various photonic degrees of freedom…
In type-II superconductors, the dynamics of superconducting vortices determine their transport properties. In the Ginzburg-Landau theory, vortices correspond to topological defects in the complex order parameter. Extracting their precise…
Two-dimensional (2D) materials display nanoscale dynamic ripples that significantly impact their properties. Defects within the crystal lattice are the elementary building blocks to tailor the material's morphology. While some studies have…
The basic building blocks of many forms of optical topologies are particle-like singularities in phase and polarisation, giving rise to lines of darkness that weave complex threads in 3D space. Although known for half a century since…
The interaction of defects can lead to a phenomenon of erasure. During this process, a lower-dimensional object gets absorbed and dissolved by a higher-dimensional one. The phenomenon is very general and has a wide range of implications,…
Van der Waals (vdW) materials exhibit a variety of states that can be switched with low power at low temperatures, offering a viable cryogenic "flash memory" required for the classical control electronics for solid-state quantum information…
Exotic phenomenon can be achieved in quantum materials by confining electronic states into two dimensions. For example, relativistic fermions are realised in a single layer of carbon atoms, the quantized Hall effect can result from…
Entangled materials offer attractive structural features including tensile strength and large deformations, combined with infinite assembly and disassembly capabilities. How the geometry of individual particles governs entanglement, and in…
Active matter often simultaneously exhibits different kinds of orientational order and, in many cases of biological interest, undergoes continuous material renewal. In renewing nematopolar fluids we find stable topological strings,…