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Heuristics are commonly used to tackle various search and optimization problems. Design heuristics usually require tedious manual crafting with domain knowledge. Recent works have incorporated Large Language Models (LLMs) into automatic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Shunyu Yao , Fei Liu , Xi Lin , Zhichao Lu , Zhenkun Wang , Qingfu Zhang

Since the adoption of large language models (LLMs) for text evaluation has become increasingly prevalent in the field of natural language processing (NLP), a series of existing works attempt to optimize the prompts for LLM evaluators to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Bosi Wen , Pei Ke , Yufei Sun , Cunxiang Wang , Xiaotao Gu , Jinfeng Zhou , Jie Tang , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

Designing optimization approaches, whether heuristic or meta-heuristic, usually demands extensive manual intervention and has difficulty generalizing across diverse problem domains. The combination of Large Language Models (LLMs) and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-29 He Yu , Jing Liu

This paper explores the seamless integration of Generative AI (GenAI) and Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) within the domain of large-scale multi-objective optimization. Focusing on the transformative role of Large Language Models (LLMs), our…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Gaurav Singh , Kavitesh Kumar Bali

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a promising paradigm for next-generation recommender systems, offering strong semantic understanding and natural-language reasoning abilities. Despite recent progress, current LLM-based…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Shijun Li , Wooseong Yang , Yu Wang , Tianxin Wei , Joydeep Ghosh

Optimization benchmarks play a fundamental role in assessing algorithm performance; however, existing artificial benchmarks often fail to capture the diversity and irregularity of real-world problem structures, while benchmarks derived from…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Yuhiro Ono , Tomohiro Harada , Yukiya Miura

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into evolutionary frameworks has established a new paradigm for automated heuristic discovery. Despite their promise, these methods typically search in the discrete space of program syntax,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Cheikh Ahmed , Mahdi Mostajabdaveh , Zirui Zhou

Building on advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), we can tackle complex analytical and mathematical reasoning tasks requiring nuanced contextual understanding. A prime example of such complex tasks is modelling resource allocation…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Tasnim Ahmed , Siana Rizwan , Naveed Ejaz , Salimur Choudhury

Optimizing complex systems, ranging from LLM prompts to multi-turn agents, traditionally requires labor-intensive manual iteration. We formalize this challenge as a stochastic generative optimization problem where a generative language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xuanfei Ren , Allen Nie , Tengyang Xie , Ching-An Cheng

Screening patients for enrollment is a well-known, labor-intensive bottleneck that leads to under-enrollment and, ultimately, trial failures. Recent breakthroughs in large language models (LLMs) offer a promising opportunity to use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Ziyi Chen , Mengxian Lyu , Cheng Peng , Yonghui Wu

GA LLM is a hybrid framework that combines Genetic Algorithms with Large Language Models to handle structured generation tasks under strict constraints. Each output, such as a plan or report, is treated as a gene, and evolutionary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 William Shum , Rachel Chan , Jonas Lin , Benny Feng , Patrick Lau

Since the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) a couple of years ago, researchers in metaheuristics (MHs) have wondered how to use their power in a beneficial way within their algorithms. This paper introduces a novel approach that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Camilo Chacón Sartori , Christian Blum , Filippo Bistaffa , Guillem Rodríguez Corominas

Designing high-performing metaheuristics for NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems, such as the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), remains a significant challenge, often requiring extensive domain expertise and manual tuning. Recent…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Manuj Malik , Jianan Zhou , Shashank Reddy Chirra , Zhiguang Cao

We demonstrate the power of human-LLM collaboration in tackling open problems in theoretical computer science. Focusing on combinatorial optimization, we refine outputs from the FunSearch algorithm [Romera-Paredes et al., Nature 2023] to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Henri Nikoleit , Ankit Anand , Anurag Murty Naredla , Heiko Röglin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great potential in automatically generating and optimizing (meta)heuristics, making them valuable tools in heuristic optimization tasks. However, LLMs are generally inefficient when it comes to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Niki van Stein , Diederick Vermetten , Thomas Bäck

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at generating synthetic data, but ensuring its quality and diversity remains challenging. We propose Genetic Prompt, a novel framework that combines genetic algorithms with LLMs to augment synthetic data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Guangzeng Han , Weisi Liu , Xiaolei Huang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) suffers from sample inefficiency in sparse reward domains, and the problem is further pronounced in case of stochastic transitions. To improve the sample efficiency, reward shaping is a well-studied approach to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Siddhant Bhambri , Amrita Bhattacharjee , Durgesh Kalwar , Lin Guan , Huan Liu , Subbarao Kambhampati

Heuristic design with large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a promising approach for tackling combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). However, existing approaches often rely on manually predefined evolutionary computation (EC)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Yiding Shi , Jianan Zhou , Wen Song , Jieyi Bi , Yaoxin Wu , Zhiguang Cao , Jie Zhang

While large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as automated heuristic designers for vehicle routing problems (VRPs), current state-of-the-art methods predominantly rely on prompting massive, general-purpose models like GPT-4. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Rongjie Zhu , Cong Zhang , Zhiguang Cao

The code written by developers usually suffers from efficiency problems and contain various performance bugs. These inefficiencies necessitate the research of automated refactoring methods for code optimization. Early research in code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Shuzheng Gao , Cuiyun Gao , Wenchao Gu , Michael Lyu