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We present a new way to make Ising machines, i.e., using networks of coupled self-sustaining nonlinear oscillators. Our scheme is theoretically rooted in a novel result that establishes that the phase dynamics of coupled oscillator systems,…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Tianshi Wang , Jaijeet Roychowdhury

Conventional computing architectures have no known efficient algorithms for combinatorial optimization tasks, which are encountered in fundamental areas and real-world practical problems including logistics, social networks, and…

In recent years, hardware implementations of Ising machines have emerged as a viable alternative to quantum computing for solving hard optimization problems among other applications. Unlike quantum hardware, dense connectivity can be…

To tackle challenging combinatorial optimization problems, analog computing machines based on the nature-inspired Ising model are attracting increasing attentions in order to disruptively overcome the impending limitations on conventional…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Xin Ye , Wenjia Zhang , Shaomeng Wang , Xiaoxuan Yang , Zuyuan He

We evaluate the performance of different algorithms in minimizing the Hamiltonian of a spatial-photonic Ising machine (SPIM). We then encode the number-partitioning problem on the SPIM and adiabatically arrive at good solutions for the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Vikram Ramesh , Vighnesh Natarajan , Anil Prabhakar

Recently, spatial photonic Ising machines (SPIM) have been demonstrated to compute the minima of Hamiltonians for large-scale spin systems. Here we propose to implement an antiferromagnetic model through optoelectronic correlation computing…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-11-15 Junyi Huang , Yisheng Fang , Zhichao Ruan

In VLSI physical design, many algorithms require the solution of difficult combinatorial optimization problems such as max/min-cut, max-flow problems etc. Due to the vast number of elements typically found in this problem domain, these…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-03-18 Chase Cook , Hengyang Zhao , Takashi Sato , Masayuki Hiromoto , Sheldon X. -D. Tan

Computationally hard problems, including combinatorial optimization, can be mapped into the problem of finding the ground-state of an Ising Hamiltonian. Building physical systems with collective computational ability and distributed…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-03-02 Sourav Dutta , Abhishek Khanna , Adou S. Assoa , Hanjong Paik , Darrell Schlom , Zoltan Toroczkai , Arijit Raychowdhury , Suman Datta

Combinatorial optimization problems are computationally hard in general, but they are ubiquitous in our modern life. A coherent Ising machine (CIM) based on a multiple-pulse degenerate optical parametric oscillator (DOPO) is an alternative…

Ising machines are specialized computers for finding the lowest energy states of Ising spin models, onto which many practical combinatorial optimization problems can be mapped. Simulated bifurcation (SB) is a quantum-inspired parallelizable…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Tomoya Kashimata , Masaya Yamasaki , Ryo Hidaka , Kosuke Tatsumura

Ising machines are hardware solvers which aim to find the absolute or approximate ground states of the Ising model. The Ising model is of fundamental computational interest because it is possible to formulate any problem in the complexity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-04 Naeimeh Mohseni , Peter L. McMahon , Tim Byrnes

Emerging analog computing substrates, such as oscillator-based Ising machines, offer rapid convergence times for combinatorial optimization but often suffer from limited scalability due to physical implementation constraints. To tackle…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Ruihong Yin , Yue Zheng , Chaohui Li , Ahmet Efe , Abhimanyu Kumar , Ziqing Zeng , Ulya R. Karpuzcu , Sachin S. Sapatnekar , Chris H. Kim

In this paper, we report new results on a novel Ising machine technology for solving combinatorial optimization problems using networks of coupled self-sustaining oscillators. Specifically, we present several working hardware prototypes…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-04-24 Tianshi Wang , Leon Wu , Jaijeet Roychowdhury

Oscillator Ising machines (OIMs) are networks of coupled oscillators that seek the minimum energy state of an Ising model. Since many NP-hard problems are equivalent to the minimization of an Ising Hamiltonian, OIMs have emerged as a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-20 Ahmed Allibhoy , Arthur N. Montanari , Fabio Pasqualetti , Adilson E. Motter

Ising machines are purported to be better at solving large-scale combinatorial optimisation problems better than conventional von Neumann computers. However, these Ising machines are widely believed to be heuristics, whose promise is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-08 Sayantan Pramanik , Sourav Chatterjee , Harshkumar Oza

We present several efficient implementations of the simulated annealing algorithm for Ising spin glasses on sparse graphs. In particular, we provide a generic code for any choice of couplings, an optimized code for bipartite graphs, and…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2015-09-25 S. V. Isakov , I. N. Zintchenko , T. F. Rønnow , M. Troyer

Hard combinatorial optimization problems, often mapped to Ising models, promise potential solutions with quantum advantage but are constrained by limited qubit counts in near-term devices. We present an innovative quantum-inspired framework…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-25 Co Tran , Quoc-Bao Tran , Hy Truong Son , Thang N Dinh

The coherent Ising machine (CIM) enables efficient sampling of low-lying energy states of the Ising Hamiltonian with all-to-all connectivity by encoding the spins in the amplitudes of pulsed modes in an optical parametric oscillator (OPO).…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-22 Egor S. Tiunov , Alexander E. Ulanov , A. I. Lvovsky

We report on an analog computing system with coupled non-linear oscillators which is capable of solving complex combinatorial optimization problems using the weighted Ising model. The circuit is composed of a fully-connected 4-node LC…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-08-28 Jeffrey Chou , Suraj Bramhavar , Siddhartha Ghosh , William Herzog

Spatial photonic Ising machines offer a novel optical platform for optimization and spin-model simulation, but existing diffraction-based schemes rely on auxiliary spins or multiplexing to encode high-rank couplings and external fields,…

Optics · Physics 2026-05-12 Ze Zheng , Yuegang Li , Hang Xu , Jingzheng Huang , Tailong Xiao , Guihua Zeng