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Sparse MoE models achieve a good balance between capacity and compute by routing each token to a small subset of experts. However, in most MoE architectures, once a token is routed, the selected experts process it independently and their…

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved significant progress in graph-based learning tasks, yet their performance often deteriorates when facing heterophilous structures where connected nodes differ substantially in features and labels.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Xuanze Chen , Jiajun Zhou , Yadong Li , Jinsong Chen , Shanqing Yu , Qi Xuan

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have proven to be highly effective for node classification tasks across diverse graph structural patterns. Traditionally, GNNs employ a uniform global filter, typically a low-pass filter for homophilic graphs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Haoyu Han , Juanhui Li , Wei Huang , Xianfeng Tang , Hanqing Lu , Chen Luo , Hui Liu , Jiliang Tang

With growing demand for interpretability in deep learning, especially in high stakes domains, Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) address this by inserting human understandable concepts into the prediction pipeline, but they are generally…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Jiakai Lin , Jinchang Zhang , Guoyu Lu

Graph Transformers are popular neural networks that extend the well-known Transformer architecture to the graph domain. These architectures operate by applying self-attention on graph nodes and incorporating graph structure through the use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Linus Bao , Emily Jin , Michael Bronstein , İsmail İlkan Ceylan , Matthias Lanzinger

Graph incremental learning is a learning paradigm that aims to adapt trained models to continuously incremented graphs and data over time without the need for retraining on the full dataset. However, regular graph machine learning methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Lecheng Kong , Theodore Vasiloudis , Seongjun Yun , Han Xie , Xiang Song

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated superior performance across various graph learning tasks but face significant computational challenges when applied to large-scale graphs. One effective approach to mitigate these challenges is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Guibin Zhang , Xiangguo Sun , Yanwei Yue , Chonghe Jiang , Kun Wang , Tianlong Chen , Shirui Pan

Recently, subgraph GNNs have emerged as an important direction for developing expressive graph neural networks (GNNs). While numerous architectures have been proposed, so far there is still a limited understanding of how various design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Bohang Zhang , Guhao Feng , Yiheng Du , Di He , Liwei Wang

The sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture of large language models (LLMs) confronts an inherent issue of load imbalance arising from the simplistic linear router strategy, which ultimately causes the instability and inefficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ting Bai , Yue Yu , Le Huang , Zenan Xu , Chuan Shi

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have become the dominant choice for scaling Large Language Models (LLMs), activating only a subset of parameters per token. While MoE architectures are primarily adopted for computational efficiency,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jeremy Herbst , Stefan Wermter , Jae Hee Lee

Adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to a continuous stream of tasks is a critical yet challenging endeavor. While Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have become a standard for this, they face a fundamental dilemma in continual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Haeyong Kang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) offers flexible graph reasoning by combining multiple views of a graph through a learned router. We investigate routing-aware explanations for MoE graph models in malware detection using control flow graphs (CFGs).…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Hossein Shokouhinejad , Roozbeh Razavi-Far , Griffin Higgins , Ali. A Ghorbani

Recently, subgraphs-enhanced Graph Neural Networks (SGNNs) have been introduced to enhance the expressive power of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), which was proved to be not higher than the 1-dimensional Weisfeiler-Leman isomorphism test. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Michele Guerra , Indro Spinelli , Simone Scardapane , Filippo Maria Bianchi

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures offer a scalable path for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) in node classification tasks but typically rely on static and rigid routing strategies that enforce a uniform expert budget or coarse-grained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jiajun Zhou , Yadong Li , Xuanze Chen , Chen Ma , Chuang Zhao , Shanqing Yu , Qi Xuan

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) face a fundamental adaptability challenge: their fixed message-passing architectures struggle with the immense diversity of real-world graphs, where optimal computational strategies vary by local structure and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yunlong Chu , Minglai Shao , Zengyi Wo , Bing Hao , Yuhang Liu , Ruijie Wang , Jianxin Li

Realistic graphs contain both (1) rich self-features of nodes and (2) informative structures of neighborhoods, jointly handled by a Graph Neural Network (GNN) in the typical setup. We propose to decouple the two modalities by Mixture of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Hanqing Zeng , Hanjia Lyu , Diyi Hu , Yinglong Xia , Jiebo Luo

We introduce a Mixture of Raytraced Experts, a stacked Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture which can dynamically select sequences of experts, producing computational graphs of variable width and depth. Existing MoE architectures generally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Andrea Perin , Giacomo Lagomarsini , Claudio Gallicchio , Giuseppe Nuti

Designing expressive Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) is a central topic in learning graph-structured data. While numerous approaches have been proposed to improve GNNs in terms of the Weisfeiler-Lehman (WL) test, generally there is still a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Bohang Zhang , Shengjie Luo , Liwei Wang , Di He

Recent advancements in large-scale pre-training have shown the potential to learn generalizable representations for downstream tasks. In the graph domain, however, capturing and transferring structural information across different graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jialin Chen , Haolan Zuo , Haoyu Peter Wang , Siqi Miao , Pan Li , Rex Ying

To mitigate the suboptimal nature of graph structure, Graph Structure Learning (GSL) has emerged as a promising approach to improve graph structure and boost performance in downstream tasks. Despite the proposal of numerous GSL methods, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Zhiyao Zhou , Sheng Zhou , Bochao Mao , Jiawei Chen , Qingyun Sun , Yan Feng , Chun Chen , Can Wang