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In recent years, advancements in neural network designs and the availability of large-scale labeled datasets have led to significant improvements in the accuracy of piano transcription models. However, most previous work focused on…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-11 Taegyun Kwon , Dasaem Jeong , Juhan Nam

Self-attention has recently been adopted for a wide range of sequence modeling problems. Despite its effectiveness, self-attention suffers from quadratic compute and memory requirements with respect to sequence length. Successful approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Aurko Roy , Mohammad Saffar , Ashish Vaswani , David Grangier

Automatic Music Transcription has seen significant progress in recent years by training custom deep neural networks on large datasets. However, these models have required extensive domain-specific design of network architectures,…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Curtis Hawthorne , Ian Simon , Rigel Swavely , Ethan Manilow , Jesse Engel

Self-attention based Transformer has demonstrated the state-of-the-art performances in a number of natural language processing tasks. Self-attention is able to model long-term dependencies, but it may suffer from the extraction of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Guangxiang Zhao , Junyang Lin , Zhiyuan Zhang , Xuancheng Ren , Qi Su , Xu Sun

Taking long-term spectral and temporal dependencies into account is essential for automatic piano transcription. This is especially helpful when determining the precise onset and offset for each note in the polyphonic piano content. In this…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Keisuke Toyama , Taketo Akama , Yukara Ikemiya , Yuhta Takida , Wei-Hsiang Liao , Yuki Mitsufuji

This paper describes a streaming audio-to-MIDI piano transcription approach that aims to sequentially translate a music signal into a sequence of note onset and offset events. The sequence-to-sequence nature of this task may call for the…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Weixing Wei , Jiahao Zhao , Yulun Wu , Kazuyoshi Yoshii

Self-attention is an attention mechanism that learns a representation by relating different positions in the sequence. The transformer, which is a sequence model solely based on self-attention, and its variants achieved state-of-the-art…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-06-13 Minz Won , Sanghyuk Chun , Xavier Serra

Music relies heavily on repetition to build structure and meaning. Self-reference occurs on multiple timescales, from motifs to phrases to reusing of entire sections of music, such as in pieces with ABA structure. The Transformer (Vaswani…

The Transformer architecture model, based on self-attention and multi-head attention, has achieved remarkable success in offline end-to-end Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). However, self-attention and multi-head attention cannot be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Chendong Zhao , Jianzong Wang , Wen qi Wei , Xiaoyang Qu , Haoqian Wang , Jing Xiao

Various forms of sparse attention have been explored to mitigate the quadratic computational and memory cost of the attention mechanism in transformers. We study sparse transformers not through a lens of efficiency but rather in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Parikshit Ram , Kenneth L. Clarkson , Tim Klinger , Shashanka Ubaru , Alexander G. Gray

Current models for audio--sheet music retrieval via multimodal embedding space learning use convolutional neural networks with a fixed-size window for the input audio. Depending on the tempo of a query performance, this window captures more…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Matthias Dorfer , Jan Hajič , Gerhard Widmer

Pretrained transformer models have demonstrated remarkable performance across various natural language processing tasks. These models leverage the attention mechanism to capture long- and short-range dependencies in the sequence. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Qingru Zhang , Dhananjay Ram , Cole Hawkins , Sheng Zha , Tuo Zhao

Transformer has achieved great success in NLP. However, the quadratic complexity of the self-attention mechanism in Transformer makes it inefficient in handling long sequences. Many existing works explore to accelerate Transformers by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Chuhan Wu , Fangzhao Wu , Tao Qi , Binxing Jiao , Daxin Jiang , Yongfeng Huang , Xing Xie

Transformer has become ubiquitous in the deep learning field. One of the key ingredients that destined its success is the self-attention mechanism, which allows fully-connected contextual encoding over input tokens. However, despite its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Shuohang Wang , Luowei Zhou , Zhe Gan , Yen-Chun Chen , Yuwei Fang , Siqi Sun , Yu Cheng , Jingjing Liu

Most recent research about automatic music transcription (AMT) uses convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks to model the mapping from music signals to symbolic notation. Based on a high-resolution piano transcription…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-11 Longshen Ou , Ziyi Guo , Emmanouil Benetos , Jiqing Han , Ye Wang

Transformer architectures have achieved remarkable success across language, vision, and multimodal tasks, and there is growing demand for them to address in-context compositional learning tasks. In these tasks, models solve the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Wei Chen , Jingxi Yu , Zichen Miao , Qiang Qiu

Transformer-based models have emerged as a leading architecture for natural language processing, natural language generation, and image generation tasks. A fundamental element of the transformer architecture is self-attention, which allows…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Venmugil Elango

Advances in neural network design and the availability of large-scale labeled datasets have driven major improvements in piano transcription. Existing approaches target either offline applications, with no restrictions on computational…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-10 Patricia Hu , Silvan David Peter , Jan Schlüter , Gerhard Widmer

Transformer-based language models have found many diverse applications requiring them to process sequences of increasing length. For these applications, the causal self-attention -- which is the only component scaling quadratically w.r.t.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Matteo Pagliardini , Daniele Paliotta , Martin Jaggi , François Fleuret

The use of Transformer represents a recent success in speech enhancement. However, as its core component, self-attention suffers from quadratic complexity, which is computationally prohibited for long speech recordings. Moreover, it allows…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Qiquan Zhang , Hongxu Zhu , Qi Song , Xinyuan Qian , Zhaoheng Ni , Haizhou Li
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