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Negotiation requires more than inferring what the other side wants: it requires using that information to make advantageous offers and counteroffers over multiple turns. We study whether large language model (LLM) agents do this in a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Romain Cosentino , Sarath Shekkizhar , Adam Earle , Silvio Savarese

Bilateral negotiation is a complex, context-sensitive task in which human negotiators dynamically adjust anchors, pacing, and flexibility to exploit power asymmetries and informal cues. We introduce a unified mathematical framework for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Cheril Shah , Akshit Agarwal , Kanak Garg , Mourad Heddaya

Powered by large language models (LLMs), AI agents have become capable of many human tasks. Using the most canonical definitions of the Big Five personality, we measure the ability of LLMs to negotiate within a game-theoretical framework,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Sean Noh , Ho-Chun Herbert Chang

AI agents are increasingly used in consumer-facing applications to assist with tasks such as product search, negotiation, and transaction execution. In this paper, we explore a future scenario where both consumers and merchants authorize AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Shenzhe Zhu , Jiao Sun , Yi Nian , Tobin South , Alex Pentland , Jiaxin Pei

Large language models are increasingly used in decision-making tasks that require them to process information from a variety of sources, including both human experts and other algorithmic agents. How do LLMs weigh the information provided…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Jessica Y. Bo , Lillio Mok , Ashton Anderson

We explore the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) to replicate human behavior in economic market experiments. Compared to previous studies, we focus on dynamic feedback between LLM agents: the decisions of each LLM impact the market…

General Economics · Economics 2025-05-13 R. Maria del Rio-Chanona , Marco Pangallo , Cars Hommes

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being deployed as autonomous agents on behalf of institutions and individuals in economic, political, and social settings that involve negotiation. Yet this trend carries significant risks if…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Manuel S. Ríos , Ruben F. Manrique , Nicanor Quijano , Luis F. Giraldo

Despite the growing interest in collaborative AI, designing systems that seamlessly integrate human input remains a major challenge. In this study, we developed a task to systematically examine human preferences for collaborative agents. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Lukas William Mayer , Sheer Karny , Jackie Ayoub , Miao Song , Danyang Tian , Ehsan Moradi-Pari , Mark Steyvers

When creating policies, plans, or designs for people, it is challenging for designers to foresee all of the ways in which people may reason and behave. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to simulate human…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Karthik Sreedhar , Lydia Chilton

Are large language models (LLMs) biased in favor of communications produced by LLMs, leading to possible antihuman discrimination? Using a classical experimental design inspired by employment discrimination studies, we tested widely used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Walter Laurito , Benjamin Davis , Peli Grietzer , Tomáš Gavenčiak , Ada Böhm , Jan Kulveit

To some, the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) promises better decision-making and increased military effectiveness while reducing the influence of human error and emotions. However, there is still debate about how AI systems,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Max Lamparth , Anthony Corso , Jacob Ganz , Oriana Skylar Mastro , Jacquelyn Schneider , Harold Trinkunas

As AI usage becomes more prevalent in social contexts, understanding agent-user interaction is critical to designing systems that improve both individual and group outcomes. We present an online behavioral experiment (N = 243) in which…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Kehang Zhu , Nithum Thain , Vivian Tsai , James Wexler , Crystal Qian

The growing adoption of large language models (LLMs) presents potential for deeper understanding of human behaviours within game theory frameworks. Addressing research gap on multi-player competitive games, this paper examines the strategic…

General Economics · Economics 2024-10-04 Siting Estee Lu

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs), has opened exciting possibilities for constructing computational simulations designed to replicate human behavior accurately. Current research suggests that LLM-based agents become increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Amir Taubenfeld , Yaniv Dover , Roi Reichart , Ariel Goldstein

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly act as autonomous agents in markets and organizations, their behavior in strategic environments becomes economically consequential. We document that off-the-shelf LLM agents exhibit systematic…

General Economics · Economics 2026-03-16 Wei Lu , Amit Dhanda , Daniel L. Chen , Christian B. Hansen

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to simulate human decision-making, but their intrinsic biases often diverge from real human behavior--limiting their ability to reflect population-level diversity. We address this challenge…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Ayato Kitadai , Yusuke Fukasawa , Nariaki Nishino

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable promise in communicating with humans. Their potential use as artificial partners with humans in sociological experiments involving conversation is an exciting prospect. But how viable is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 James Flamino , Mohammed Shahid Modi , Boleslaw K. Szymanski , Brendan Cross , Colton Mikolajczyk

Language Model (LM)-based agents remain largely untested in mixed-motive settings where agents must leverage short-term cooperation for long-term competitive goals (e.g., multi-party politics). We introduce Cooperate to Compete (C2C), a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Abigail O'Neill , Alan Zhu , Mihran Miroyan , Narges Norouzi , Joseph E. Gonzalez

Bilateral bargaining under incomplete information provides a controlled testbed for evaluating large language model (LLM) agent capabilities. Bilateral trade demands individual rationality, strategic surplus maximization, and cooperation to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Dirk Bergemann , Soheil Ghili , Xinyang Hu , Chuanhao Li , Zhuoran Yang

LLM agents are increasingly used for personalization due to their ability to communicate directly with users in natural language, integrate external knowledge bases, and negotiate with other (possibly human) agents. Especially in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Andrea Forster , Peter Müllner , Denis Helic , Elisabeth Lex , Dominik Kowald
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