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We generalize an efficient exact synthesis algorithm for single-qubit unitaries over the Clifford+T gate set which was presented by Kliuchnikov, Maslov and Mosca. Their algorithm takes as input an exactly synthesizable single-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-07 Simon Forest , David Gosset , Vadym Kliuchnikov , David McKinnon

Arbitrarily accurate fault-tolerant (FT) universal quantum computation can be carried out using the Clifford gates Z, S, CNOT plus the non-Clifford T gate. Moreover, a recent improvement of the Solovay-Kitaev theorem by Kuperberg implies…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-02 H. F. Chau

The Clifford hierarchy is a foundational concept for universal quantum computation (UQC). It was introduced to show that UQC can be realized via quantum teleportation, given access to certain standard resources. While the full structure of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-12 Narayanan Rengaswamy , Robert Calderbank , Henry D. Pfister

In this note we present explicit canonical forms for all the elements in the two-qubit CNOT-Dihedral group, with minimal numbers of controlled-S (CS) and controlled-X (CX) gates, using the generating set of quantum gates [X, T, CX, CS]. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-10 Shelly Garion , Andrew W. Cross

Efficient synthesis of arbitrary quantum states and unitaries from a universal fault-tolerant gate-set e.g. Clifford+T is a key subroutine in quantum computation. As large quantum algorithms feature many qubits that encode coherent quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-19 Guang Hao Low , Vadym Kliuchnikov , Luke Schaeffer

How to find universal sets quantum gates (gates whose composition can form any othergate within a given range) is an important part of the development of quantum computation science that has been explored in the past with success. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-19 Carlos Efrain Quintero Narvaez

Resource-efficient and high-precision approximate synthesis of quantum circuits expressed in the Clifford+T gate set is vital for Fault-Tolerant quantum computing. Efficient optimal methods are known for single-qubit RZ unitaries, otherwise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-27 Mathias Weiden , Justin Kalloor , John Kubiatowicz , Ed Younis , Costin Iancu

We consider quantum circuits composed of Clifford and T gates. In this context the T gate has a special status since it confers universal computation when added to the (classically simulable) Clifford gates. However it can be very expensive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-21 David Gosset , Vadym Kliuchnikov , Michele Mosca , Vincent Russo

We introduce a general framework for weak transversal gates -- probabilistic implementation of logical unitaries realized by local physical unitaries -- and propose a novel partially fault-tolerant quantum computing architecture that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Nobuyuki Yoshioka , Alireza Seif , Andrew Cross , Ali Javadi-Abhari

Many quantum information protocols require the implementation of random unitaries. Because it takes exponential resources to produce Haar-random unitaries drawn from the full $n$-qubit group, one often resorts to $t$-designs. Unitary…

The universality theorem in quantum computing states that any quantum computational task can be decomposed into a finite set of logic gates operating on one and two qubits. However, the process of such decomposition is generally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-19 Chao Fang , Ye Wang , Ke Sun , Jungsang Kim

Sarnak's conjecture in quantum computing concerns when the groups $\operatorname{PU}_2$ and $\operatorname{PSU}_2$ over cyclotomic rings $\mathbb{Z}[\zeta_n, 1/2]$ with $\zeta_n=e^{2\pi i/n}$, $4|n$, are generated by the Clifford-cyclotomic…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-04-02 Colin Ingalls , Bruce W. Jordan , Allan Keeton , Adam Logan , Yevgeny Zaytman

We study systematically numerical method into constructing a universal quantum gate set for topological quantum computation (TQC) using SU(2)k anyon models. The F-matrices and R-symbol were computed through the q-deformed representation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Jiangwei Long , Yizhi Li , Jianxin Zhong , Lijun Meng

The native gate set is fundamental to the performance of quantum devices, as it governs the accuracy of basic quantum operations and dictates the complexity of implementing quantum algorithms. Traditional approaches to extending gate sets…

Motivated by their central role in fault-tolerant quantum computation, we study the sets of gates of the third-level of the Clifford hierarchy and their distinguished subsets of `nearly diagonal' semi-Clifford gates. The Clifford hierarchy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-30 Imin Chen , Nadish de Silva

The Clifford hierarchy is a nested sequence of sets of quantum gates critical to achieving fault-tolerant quantum computation. Diagonal gates of the Clifford hierarchy and 'nearly diagonal' semi-Clifford gates are particularly important:…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-15 Nadish de Silva

We explore the implementation of pseudo-random single-qubit rotations and multi-qubit pseudo-random circuits constructed only from Clifford gates and the T-gate, a phase rotation of pi/4. Such a gate set would be appropriate for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Yaakov S. Weinstein

Clifford gates play a role in the optimisation of Clifford+T circuits. Reducing the count and the depth of Clifford gates, as well as the optimal scheduling of T gates, influence the hardware and the time costs of executing quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-18 Alexandru Paler , Robert Basmadjian

Given a universal gate set on two qubits, it is well known that applying random gates from the set to random pairs of qubits will eventually yield an approximately Haar-distributed unitary. However, this requires exponential time. We show…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Aram W. Harrow , Richard A. Low

Topological quantum computation may provide a robust approach for encoding and manipulating information utilizing the topological properties of anyonic quasi-particle excitations. We develop an efficient means to map between dense and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-08-02 Haitan Xu , J. M. Taylor